When1: 1996
When2: 2002
Who: David J. Chalmers [Chalmers, David J.]
What: philosopher
Where: USA
works\ Conscious Mind: In Search of a Fundamental Theory [1996]
Detail: He lived 1966 to ?. Information is physical and phenomenal, and physical properties cause phenomenal properties, so same physical situation can cause different phenomena {double-aspect theory, information} {naturalistic dualism}, which is non-reductive.
Judgments about experience have functional or physical explanations, but experience is not part of the explanation, even when the judgment is that experience is not physical or functional {paradox of phenomenal judgment}.
If artificial parts replace neurons with same functions, do qualia fade {fading qualia}?
If artificial parts switch back and forth with neurons with same functions, do qualia flip {dancing qualia}?
How do brain processes cause sensations {hard problem, consciousness}? How do brain processes cause mental functions like perceiving, attending, waking, sleeping, moving voluntarily, and categorizing {easy problem, consciousness}?
Consciousness supervenes on the physical but is a different reality type. Phenomena, conscious states, emerge from physical structures and functions according to laws. Before 1800, people thought electromagnetism was reducible to mechanics, but instead it became a new irreducible force. Phenomena are irreducible properties, not substances, of nature, requiring non-reductive theory. Experience properties, relations, and structures reflect nervous-system anatomy and physiology, as well as physical stimuli. Brain process can generate consciousness [Chalmers, 2000] [Chalmers, 2002].
Social Sciences>Psychology>History>Consciousness
6-Psychology-History-Consciousness
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Date Modified: 2022.0224