When1: 1897
When2: 1946
Who: Charles Scott Sherrington [Sherrington, Charles Scott]
What: physiologist
Where: Britain
works\ Synapse [1897]; Integrative Action of the Nervous System [1906]; Mammalian Physiology [1919]; Reflex Activity in the Spinal Cord [1932: with Richard S. Creed]; Man on His Nature [1942]; Endeavor of Jean Fernel [1946]
Detail: He lived 1857 to 1952, named neuron junctions "synapses", showed that transmission slowed there, and studied antagonistic-muscle reciprocal innervation. He studied peripheral and spinal reflexes, including dog scratch reflex, and relations between reflexes and behavior patterns.
He studied sense exteroceptors, interoceptors, and proprioceptors. Exteroceptive distance receptors detect movements and are at animal leading edges. Distance receptors receive stimuli far from physical source. Brains can build space-time relations to represent environment. Interoceptive receptors receive stimuli where physical sources contact body surface. Proprioceptive receptors receive stimuli from inside body.
Precurrent receptors initiate behavior, and non-precurrent receptor activity stops behavior. Behavior relies on body hierarchical spatio-temporal subsystems that evolution built and linked for survival. Body-limit perception affects behavior.
Organisms evolved to allow more exploration and autonomy, as distance receptors and brain integration evolved. Organisms had more prey and predator knowledge. Anticipatory responses extended control over space and time, so reaction time increased and immediate receptor responses lasted longer.
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Date Modified: 2022.0224