Tones can be harsh or smooth, be sharp or flat, and have acute or gradual onset and offset {hearing properties} {tone properties}. Tone pairs can have consonance or dissonance and major or minor intervals.
Physically, sound waves have frequencies with intensities. Frequencies have ratios, so sounds have harmonics, such as octaves, fifths, thirds, fourths, sixths, and sevenths. Physiologically, sounds are independent and unmixed (analytic) and have loudness and tone. Hearing perceptual processes [Kaas and Hackett, 2000] compare adjacent and harmonic frequency intensities to find loudness and tone. Relative sound intensity determines loudness. Loudness ranges from painful to whisper. People can distinguish 100 loudness levels. Sound frequency determines tone. Tones have width, deepness, shrillness, and thickness. High frequencies are narrow, shallow, shrill, and thin. Low frequencies are wide, deep, dull, and thick. People can distinguish 10 octave levels and 12 (or 24) harmonic levels, so people can distinguish 120 tones.
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Date Modified: 2022.0224