structural frame {airframe}.
Airplanes have parts {wing, airplane}| for lift.
shape
Airplane-wing shape optimizes upward pressure {lift, wing}, flows through air at upward angle {angle of attack} {attack angle}, puts strength where it needs to be strongest, and minimizes chance of sudden lift changes if attack angle changes.
tilt
Wing tilts up so air hits underneath wing to push wing up.
curves
Wing bottom is flat or only slightly curved, but top is highly arched {airfoil}. Wing cross-section is round in front and has point at back for streamlining. This shape causes air to travel farther over top and shorter over bottom. Air must move faster over top and slower underneath, so both meet at rear at same time. Slower air has more sideways pressure, because it has less forward pressure, and faster air has less sideways pressure, because it has more forward pressure, by Bernoulli's theorem. Net sideways pressure pushes wing upward. However, this effect is small compared to upward push from attack angle.
parts
Wing back-edge sections {flap, wing} can slide out or retract to make wing longer or shorter, to allow airplane to stay up with less speed. Wing back-edge movable pieces {aileron} can tilt up or down to force wing down or up, to change wing angle for landing and taking off.
thrust
Forward force {thrust, force}, from jet engine or propeller, can push winged objects through fluids.
7-Machine-Transportation-Vehicle-Airplane
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Date Modified: 2022.0225