Tools {tool} are for containing, cutting, electrical, exploding, fastening, gripping, marking, measuring, plumbing, lifting, safety, and shoveling.
Wedges {chock} can stop movement.
Hooks {gaff, hook} on poles can bring up large caught fish.
Foot-shaped blocks {last} can make shoes.
Wood or metal turners {lathe} can allow woodworkers to use knives to scrape out cylindrical shapes.
Curved blades {pick, tool} can have end points on big handles.
Metal sticks {probe, tool} can move tissue aside or poke tissue.
Machines {sandblaster} can blow sand at high speed to clean stone.
metal bender {swage}.
Tools {cutting tool} can include knife sharpener, putty knife, taping knife, and utility knife. Cutting tools can include oilstone, sander, sanding block, sandpaper, and steel wool. Sandpaper has be silicon carbide, aluminum oxide, garnet, or emery. Cutting tools can include saw, crosscut saw across wood grain, ripsaw along wood grain, circular saw, backsaw and miter box, keyhole saw or compass saw, tooth-saw, coping saw for curves, and hacksaw for metal. Cutting tools can include wire brush, scraper, plane, block plane, smoothing plane, jack plane, jointer plane, chisel, bench chisel, cold chisel, four-in-hand, rasp, wood rasp, rattail file, single-cut file, double-cut file, metal file, and file. Cutting tools can include tin snips, tube cutters, box cutters, and glasscutters.
Curved axes {adz} {adze} can be for wood shaping.
Boring points {auger} can be for concrete.
blade in holder {box cutter}.
Cutting tools {file, tool} include rattail file, single-cut file, double-cut file, and metal file. Rough-surfaced tools can smooth, shape, and grind.
small hardened wheel in holder {glasscutter}.
Hard metal cutters {pipe cutter} can be for hand scoring pipe.
Planes {plane, tool} include scraper, plane, block plane, smoothing plane, jack plane, and jointer plane. Flat surface has barely exposed blade to scrape off wood.
Long handles with scissors on end {pruning hook} can cut twigs.
Metal tools {reamer} can shape or enlarge holes.
Long bent handles with perpendicular curved blades {scythe} can mow or reap grasses.
Short handles with curved blades projecting from end {sickle} can cut grasses.
Small hardened wheel in tube holder {tube cutter} can cut tubes.
Boring points {awl} for leather or wood can make holes or scratches.
Points {bodkin} can make holes in leather or cloth.
Tools {broach} can make holes bigger or change hole shapes.
Chisels {chisel} include bench chisel and cold chisel. Tip with sharp edge is for scraping.
Chisels {gouge} can have a convex curved blade, to carve grooves.
Knives {knife} {knives} include knife sharpener, oilstone, putty knife, taping knife, and utility knife.
Large knives {jackknife, knife} can fold into handle.
Knives {lancet} can have a small pointed double-edge blade.
knife sharpener {oilstone}.
Knives {scalpel} can have a thin sharp blade at tip, for surgery.
Rasps {rasp} include four-in-hand and wood rasp. It is like a file with high points.
cut-metal rough edge {burr}.
Sanders {sander} {sanding tool} include sander, sanding block, sandpaper, and steel wool. Grades are from coarse to superfine.
Cloth or paper {backing} can have silicon carbide, aluminum oxide, garnet, or emery {sandpaper}. Coat can be open or closed.
Saws {saw, tool} include crosscut saw, ripsaw, circular saw, backsaw and miter box, keyhole saw or compass saw, tooth-saw, coping saw, and hacksaw. Blade with teeth can cut stone, wood, metal, or plastic.
Rectangular shaped saws {backsaw} can be in an open-top miter box with slits.
Saws {band saw} can have a continuous serrated edge.
Power saws {buzz saw} can have a circular blade.
Handsaws {carpenter's saw} can be for wood only, with one handle and one edge.
disk {circular saw}.
for curves {coping saw}.
Saws {crosscut saw} and panels can change angle to cut across wood grain.
Hard metal saws {hacksaw} in a rectangular frame can cut metal.
Saws {jigsaw} can have a vertical wire blade, to cut curves in wood or plastic.
pointed saw {keyhole saw} {compass saw}.
U-shaped containers {miter box} can have sides that have grooves, to hold board and guide angled and square cuts.
Saws {ripsaw} can have big teeth to cut along grain.
Racks or trestles {sawhorse} can support wood for sawing.
jigsaw {scroll saw}.
with angled teeth {tooth-saw}.
Big crosscut saws {whipsaw} can be for two people.
Scissors {scissors} include tin snips {tin snip}. Two blades have circular openings for fingers and connect in middle.
Scissors {pinking shears} can have zigzag or scalloped blades, to cut cloth.
scissors {shears}.
scissors {snips}.
Tools {electrical tool} can include flashlight, lantern, extension cords, wire stripper, electrician's pliers or lineman's pliers, outlet tester, continuity tester, circuit tester, and volt-ohm meter.
Grip wires {electrician's pliers} {lineman's pliers}.
Remove insulation from wires {wire stripper}.
Test circuits for power {circuit tester}.
Test unpowered circuits for continuous flow {continuity tester}.
Test for electrical faults {outlet tester}.
Test unpowered or powered circuits for continuous flow or circuit gaps {volt-ohm meter}.
Explosives {cap, blasting} {blasting cap} can have coverings, for blasting.
nitroglycerin and absorbent {dynamite}.
Tools {fastening tool} can include welders and torches, staplers, caulking guns, screwdrivers and ratchets, hammers, and drills. Fasteners include nails, screws, washers, picture hangers, shelf holders, plant hangers, tapes, glues, caulks, and putty.
You can install fasteners so top is below surface {counterbore}. Top has putty or dowel plug.
You can install fasteners so top is at surface {countersunk}.
Right-angle metal {bracket, shelf} can attach to wall and shelf.
Tools {caulking gun} {caulking tool} can include caulkers or caulking guns.
Drills {drill, tool} include push drill, manual drill, and electric drill. Drill bits are screwdriver bit, twist bit, spade bit, combination bit, and masonry bit. Tools with a bit can make holes in wood, masonry, plastic, or metal.
Pointed screw {bit, drill} {drill bit} can be for drilling.
Fasteners {fastener} include nails, screws, washers, picture hangers, shelf holders, plant hangers, tapes, glues, caulks, and putty.
Nails {nail, tool} include brad, common nail, thin common nail {box nail}, larger-head finishing nail {casing nail}, small-head nail {finishing nail}, spiraled nail {spiral-shank nail}, ringed nail {annular-ring nail}, masonry nail, roofing nail, shingle nail, and wallboard nail. Nail size is from 1 to 6 inches {pennies}.
Tapes {tape, fastener} include electrical tape and plastic tape.
Washers {washer, tool} include flush washer, flat washer, and countersink washer.
small nail {brad}.
Nuts {locknut}| can have textured surfaces to prevent loosening.
Nuts {wing nut} can have head with two flanges, to turn by hand.
Screws {screw, tool} include screws {wood screw} with pointed ends that go into soft materials and have smooth shank near head, which can be flathead screw, roundhead screw, or oval-head screw. Screws {machine screw} can have flat ends and go into nuts or sockets. Wallboard screw or drywall screw has Phillips head. Deck screw is long and thin. Screws {lag screw} can have hex head or square head, with no slot. Metal screw can be sheet metal screw or self-tapping screw. Heads can be slot {straight-slot head}, cross {Phillips head}, slot and quartered {one-way head}, or square {Robertson head}.
Screws {setscrew} can prevent relative motion between attached pieces.
Some screws {thumbscrew}| can turn using thumb and fingers.
Caulks {caulk, sealant} include silicone rubber, polyurethane sealant, polyurethane foam, butyl rubber, acrylic latex, non-acrylic latex, and putty. Caulks dry hard. Sealants dry flexible.
Flexible sealants {acrylic latex} can stick to wet surfaces.
Flexible sealants {butyl rubber} can resist water.
Sealants {non-acrylic latex} can be for interior joints.
Sand, water, and lime mixture {plaster} can cover walls.
Sealants {polyurethane foam} can be for interior and exterior cracks.
Elastic sealants {polyurethane sealant} can be for cracks and glaze.
Patching sealants {putty, caulk} can be for patches on wood or for glazing.
Patching sealants {spackling} can be for walls.
Glues {glue}| include white glue or household glue or paper glue, all-purpose cement, wood glue or yellow glue or carpenter's glue, epoxy resin, urethane glue, hot-melt glue, mastic construction adhesive, resorcinol glue, plastic resin glue, instant glue, and rubber cement.
Cooked animal bones and skin make sticky substance, which dries hard. Vegetable glues use flour soaked in water with caustic. Tapioca flour is best. Plastic-like glue {cyanoacrylate glue} is fast drying and permanent. A thin glue layer is better than a thick one. Surface oil or dirt makes glues not work. Glue first sets and then dries completely.
Glues {all-purpose cement} can resist water and dry fast.
Sour milk curds in water and lime make a sticky substance {casein glue}|. When dry, it does not dissolve again in water or melt if heated, as animal or vegetable glues do.
Strong glues {epoxy resin} can bind any material and are waterproof. Glues {epoxy glue}| can harden by chemical reaction, instead of drying out. Mixing a chemical {resin, epoxy} with another chemical {hardener, epoxy} starts a chemical reaction.
Electrical tape {friction tape} can stick with no glue and resist moisture.
Adhesives {gum adhesive}| can wet again.
Glue guns apply melted glue {hot-melt glue}.
Acrylic glues {instant glue} can dry quickly.
Glues {mastic construction adhesive} can use latex and solvent and be flexible.
Glues {mucilage}| can have protein and polysaccharide gelatin.
Glues {plastic glue}| can have plastic and be thermosetting or thermoplastic.
Glues {plastic resin glue} can bond wood.
Marine resins {resorcinol glue} can be waterproof and bond wood.
Rubber can dissolve in solvent to make a sticky substance {rubber cement}|, which can dry to leave a rubbery bond, which can stick to glass, plastic, and other smooth surfaces. If two surfaces with dry rubber cement touch, they stick firmly.
Sticky substances {sealant}| do not let water pass. Sealants can be rubber, latex, or silicone.
Thin rubber-cement layer can be on plastic film rolls {pressure sensitive tape}| {tape, sticky}.
Strong glues {urethane glue} can bond any material and be waterproof.
Polyvinyl glues {white glue} {household glue} {paper glue} can be for porous surfaces.
Aliphatic resins {wood glue} {yellow glue} {carpenter's glue} can be for wood.
Hammers {hammer, tool} include ball-peen hammer, tack hammer, claw hammer, sledgehammer, nailset, and mallet. A metal head on a handle can strike something or pound something in.
Flat topped iron blocks {anvil, tool} can be for hammering.
Hammers {ball-peen hammer} can have a rounded side and a flat side.
Hammers {claw hammer} can have fork on one end and flat side on other.
Pneumatic punches {jackhammer} can drill or break rock, concrete, or asphalt.
Long heavy hammers {sledgehammer} can have two flat ends, requiring both arms.
Screwdrivers {screwdriver, tool} include standard-tip screwdriver, stubby screwdriver, Phillips-head screwdriver or Phillips-tip screwdriver, Robertson tip screwdriver or square-drive screwdriver, offset screwdriver, ratchet, spiral ratchet, and offset ratchet. A handle with a double-sided wedge at end can turn screws with head slots.
Screwdrivers {Phillips head screwdriver} can have point and four ridges, to drive Phillips head screws.
U-shaped wires {staple, wire} can insert into paper by stapler.
Torches {torch, tool} include propane torch and welder.
Acetylene flames {blowtorch} can melt metal.
Tools {gripping tool} can include pry bar, wrecking bar, nail claw, vise, bench vise, woodworker's vise, clamp, bar clamp, C-clamp, pliers, needle-nose pliers, slip-joint pliers, cutting pliers, diagonal-cutting pliers, rib-joint pliers, locking-grip pliers, wrench, fixed wrench, open-end wrench, box-end wrench, adjustable wrench, pipe wrench, Allen wrenches, and ratchet.
Bars {bar, tool} include pry bar, wrecking bar, and nail claw.
Pliers {pliers} include needlenose pliers, slip-joint pliers, cutting pliers, diagonal-cutting pliers, rib-joint pliers, and locking-grip pliers.
Clamps {clamp} include bench vise, woodworker's vise, bar clamp, and C-clamp.
clamp {chuck}.
Wrenches {wrenches} include fixed wrench, open-end wrench, box-end wrench, adjustable wrench, pipe wrench, Allen wrenches, and ratchet. A handle with a fixed or adjustable jaw projects to turn nuts.
Right angles {Allan wrench} can have hexagonal cross-sections.
Wrenches {monkey wrench} can have an adjustable clamp, to turn different size and shape nuts.
Wrenches {ratchet wrench} can prevent backward turning.
wrench {spanner}.
Tools {plumbing tool} can include closet auger, deep-socket wrench, snake or drain-and-trap auger, spud wrench, basin wrench, pipe wrench, plunger, and valve-seat dresser and valve-seat wrench.
long handle {basin wrench}.
for reaming toilet drains {closet auger}.
for packing nut on tub compression faucet {deep-socket wrench}.
for reaming sink and tub drains {snake, plumbing} {drain-and-trap auger}.
Heavy long-handled big-jawed wrenches {pipe wrench} can have serrated jaws.
Rubber cones {plunger} can be for sucking and pressuring drains.
big jaws {spud wrench}.
for compression faucets {valve-seat dresser} {valve-seat wrench}.
Lever and catch {jack, lifting} can be for raising objects.
A guiding idle pulley {mule, tool} can be between drive shaft and non-parallel driven shaft.
Rotating drums {winch} can attach to ground, to wind rope or cable to lift loads.
Rotating drums {windlass} can attach to ship, to wind and tighten rope.
Vertical cylinders {capstan}| can rotate to wind anchors.
Cylinders {turnbuckle}|, on which to wind rope, can have screw assemblies inside to adjust stay or line length and tension.
Handles {mattock} can have a perpendicular flat metal piece on end.
Blades {plow} can dig into and push aside earth.
Long handles {spade} can have a metal flat rectangle projecting from end.
Flat rectangular handled metal {trowel} can smooth mortar or cement or dig earth.
Tools {marking tool} can include pencil, pen, carpenter's pencil, scratch awl, and electronic stud finder.
Paper {carbon paper} can have carbon black on one side, to copy writing to another paper.
flat-sided soft-lead pencil {carpenter's pencil}.
Tools {electronic stud finder} can find vertical wall studs.
sharp point {scratch awl}.
pointed marking tool {stylus}.
Tools {measuring tool} can include ruler or straightedge, measuring tape or steel tape, carpenter's square, T-square, combination square, carpenter's level, torpedo level, and level.
Hinged sticks {caliper}, can measure.
Tools {carpenter's level} {torpedo level} {level tool} can find horizontal. A flat metal or plastic stick with a bubble in water can show whether surface is level.
Semicircles {protractor} marked in degrees can measure angles.
ruler or straightedge {rule as edge} {rule, tool}.
Rigid bars {ruler} can measure lengths.
Ts can make right angles {carpenter's square} {T-square} {combination square} {square, measuring}.
Levels {surveyor's level} can be on tripods.
Perpendicular straightedges {T square} can make right angles and parallel lines.
Flexible tape {measuring tape} {steel tape} {tape, measuring} can measure lengths.
Metal rules at right angles {try square} can be for drawing right angles and parallel lines.
Equipment {safety equipment} {safety tool} can include safety goggles, dust mask, gloves, and ear covers.
mouth covering {dust mask}.
ear covering {ear covers}.
hand covering {gloves}.
eye covering {goggles}.
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Description of Outline of Knowledge Database
Date Modified: 2022.0225