The Six Systems of Hinduism include a school {Nyaya} about logic and argument.
knowledge
Knowledge has four sources: perception, inference, analogy, and credible testimony. Inference is the only way to true knowledge. Inference is of three kinds. One is from cause to effect. Another is from effect to cause. Third is from perception to abstract principle.
causes
Three cause types are material or inhering cause, formal or shaping cause, and instrumental cause.
syllogism
Syllogisms have five parts: proposition, cause, cause example, cause recapitulation, and proposition restatement {conclusion, Nyaya}. This syllogism type uses the principle of invariable association.
source
Nyaya depends on Nyaya-sutra by Gautama or Aksapada.
history
Gautama, Gotama, or Aksapada [-550] wrote Nyayasutras and founded Nyaya. Vatsyayana [400] wrote Nyaya-bhasya about Nyayasutras. Udyotakara [600 to 700] wrote Nyaya-varttika about Nyaya-bhasya. Vacaspati [841] wrote Tatparyatika about Nyayasutras, Nyaya-bhasya, and Nyaya-varttika. Udayana [984] wrote Tatparyatika-parisuddhi.
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Date Modified: 2022.0224