When1: 1270
When2: 1317
Who: Madhvacharya or Madhavacharya or Madhvacarya
What: philosopher
Where: India
Detail: He lived 1238 to 1317, was dualist during the Bhakti movement, tried to refute Carvaka philosophy, and started Vedanta Tattvavada, True Philosophy, Advaita, Dvaita, or Dualist School.
He said that Vedanta, including Upanishads, Bhagavadgita, and Brahmasutras, revealed that individual self {atman} and ultimate reality {brahman} differ, rather than being the same {non-dualist}. Independent reality {svatantra} is Brahman, and dependent reality {paratantra} is souls {jivas} and objects {jada}. He said this was realistic based on people's perceptions {tattvavada}. God is not the world and is not self. The self is the same as other selves and is not the same as object. All objects differ and are not God or the Self.
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Date Modified: 2022.0224