Tests {Beck Depression Inventory} can be for mental depression.
Psychologists can analyze people's biographies {case history} to find mental-problem causes.
Artificial state or event {correlational investigation}, such as test or poll, can predict real situation, such as manual skill or voting results.
Psychologists can observe stimuli and responses in situation {ex post facto experimentation}, to find correlations among states and events.
Manager tests {leaderless group test} {management gaming} can require leading teams of equals, without relying on rules or military discipline.
Mental-illness tests {mental status exam} {mental illness test} can have the following parts: attention span, appearance and behavior, emotional responses, ideas and idea formation, judgment, language and conversation, memory, time and space orientation, sense responses, and thinking.
Tests {objective test} can count or mark traits and features selected from lists. Objective tests can be cross-correlated for validity.
Tests {personality test} can try to find personality traits or general mental states. Objective personality tests {Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory} (MMPI) have multiple-choice questions. Projective personality tests include Thematic Apperception Test and Rorschach test. Faking and biases cause personality tests to have low validity.
Psychologists can observe natural or artificial situation {psychological observation}, to look for repetitions or connections among states and events.
Instruments {tachistoscope}| can alternate pictures with blank fields of similar intensity, to maintain eye adaptation and minimize afterimages, while studying visual pattern and object recognition.
Tests {projective test}| can ask subjects to state answers, not select from lists. Projective methods {projective technique} can ask subjects to state feelings about objects. Activity methods, Draw-a-Person Test, Rorschach test, sentence completion, structured play, Thematic Apperception Test, and word association are projective techniques.
Psychologists can ask people to draw object {activity method} {Draw-a-Person Test}, usually the human figure.
Psychologists can ask people to respond verbally about ink drawing {Rorschach test}.
Psychologists can ask people to respond verbally after beginning sentence {sentence completion}.
Psychologists can ask children to use sand tray or other toys {structured play}.
Subjects can tell stories about pictures, and tests {Thematic Apperception Test} (TAT) can measure location, determinants, and content.
Experimenter can attribute human thoughts to animals {anthropomorphism}|.
Experiment needs control group {baseline}| with only moderate variation. Experiment can lack control group, or control group can have too much variation or use atypical people.
Experimenter can try to reach foregone conclusion {bias, experiment}|.
Subjects can desire to please experimenter {error, experiment}|. Subjects can ignore true stimulus or response. Subjects or experimenter can forget facts or reasons. Experimenter can make errors in reporting.
Experimental technique or method {valid method}| must try to avoid error and bias {validity, experiment}.
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Description of Outline of Knowledge Database
Date Modified: 2022.0225