Learning releases more vesicles from presynaptic terminals release than sensitization does {activity-dependent enhancement}. Calcium ion binds to calmodulin, and complex binds to and activates adenyl cyclase. Increased transmitted glutamate binds to ionotropic alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4 isoxazole proprionic-acid receptor (AMPA receptor), which lets sodium ion in and potassium ion out. If action potentials increase, postsynaptic-membrane depolarization increases, and magnesium ions leave N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA receptor) channels and go into intercellular space. NMDA receptors are glutamate-gated channels that can open with the artificial substance NMDA, which does not affect other glutamate-gated channels. The empty channel allows more sodium ion to enter, potassium ion to leave, and calcium ion to enter, and changes metabolism to make and send transmitter back to presynaptic terminal to make more action potentials.
conditioning
Fruitflies with mutations to proteins in this pathway cannot learn many classical conditioning tasks involving harmful stimuli, pleasant stimuli, and different responses. Mutants {dunce gene mutant} do not break down cAMP. Mutants {rutabaga mutant} can have little adenyl cyclase. Mutants {amnesiac mutant} do not make peptide transmitter that activates adenyl cyclase. Mutants {DCO mutant} can have altered cAMP-dependent protein-kinase-A catalytic subunits. Other mutants {cabbage mutant} {turnip mutant} can happen.
Social Sciences>Psychology>Cognition>Learning>Kinds
6-Psychology-Cognition-Learning-Kinds
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Date Modified: 2022.0224