If unconditioned stimulus elicits response and stimulus pairs in space and time repeatedly with another stimulus, second conditioned stimulus elicits conditioned response {classical conditioning}| {signal learning} {Pavlovian conditioning}.
properties: rules
Conditioned stimulus must predict conditioned response {contingency, conditioning}. Conditioned stimulus must be close in time to unconditioned stimulus {temporal contiguity, conditioning}.
passivity
Conditioning does not depend on human or animal actions. Pavlovian conditioning is unconscious for reflexes, autonomic nervous system, and emotions.
extinction
If pairing ceases, conditioning decreases by extinction.
comparison: sensitization
Classical conditioning is stronger and longer than sensitization.
Classical conditioning can teach people to avoid taste {conditioned taste aversion}.
For reflexes, classical conditioning can apply conditioned stimulus and then unconditioned stimulus, to cause conditioned response {delay conditioning} [Carrillo et al., 2000] [Carter et al., 2003] [Clark and Squire, 1998] [Clark and Squire, 1999] [Han et al., 2003] [Knuttinen et al., 2001] [Lovibond and Shanks, 2002] [Öhman and Soares, 1998] [Quinn et al., 2002].
Shock, noise, or scary image {fear conditioning, learning} {conditioned fear} changes skin conductance or makes animal stand still. Putting animal in same location used for fear conditioning causes fear {context fear conditioning} [Quinn et al., 2002].
In senses, when second stimulus follows first stimulus, second stimulus can pair with first stimulus {sensory preconditioning}. Second stimulus can cause the behavior that first stimulus causes. Sensory preconditioning is stimulus-stimulus classical conditioning.
Classical conditioning can use conscious conditioned stimuli {trace conditioning}, which involve declarative memory [Carrillo et al., 2000] [Carter et al., 2003] [Clark and Squire, 1998] [Clark and Squire, 1999] [Han et al., 2003] [Knuttinen et al., 2001] [Lovibond and Shanks, 2002] [Öhman and Soares, 1998] [Quinn et al., 2002].
6-Psychology-Cognition-Learning-Kinds-Conditioning
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Date Modified: 2022.0225