Consciousness of sense input has two forms, top-down and bottom-up, corresponding to the two attention stages. Quick consciousness {exogenous attention} {bottom-up attention} {saliency-based attention} is automatic, depends only on input features, and can use single neurons to detect perceptual features, as in orienting response [Braun and Julesz, 1998] [Duncan, 1998] [Duncan, 2001] [Egeth and Yantis, 1997] [Nakayama and Mackeben, 1989] [Shimojo et al., 1996] [VanRullen and Koch, 2003] [Watanabe and Rodieck, 1989].
Sense-input consciousness can be top-down or bottom-up, corresponding to attention stages [Bülthoff, 2002] [Hamker, 2004] [Hamker and Worcester, 2002] [Hardcastle, 2003] [Kentridge et al., 1999] [Lamme, 2003] [Lee et al., 1999] [Naccache et al., 2002] [Osaka, 2003] [Posner et al., 1980] [Reddy et al., 2002] [Rolls and Deco, 2002] [VanRullen and Koch, 2003] [Wen et al., 1997].
Long-term consciousness {top-down attention} {endogenous attention} {task-dependent attention} {volitional-controlled attention} {focal attention} is through will, has tasks, and uses focusing, short-term memory, and cortical and thalamic sense centers. Example is orientation sense. Focal attention uses locations, features, and objects.
Attention to sense input causes subjective feeling of emptying the head of other thoughts and feelings.
6-Psychology-Cognition-Attention
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Date Modified: 2022.0225