Philosophy includes brain and mental-phenomena study {mind, philosophy}.
theories
Mind theories must choose among reductionism or non-reductionism, monism or dualism, and mentalist, materialist, physicalist, and dualist mind and body theories [Biro and Shahan, 1982] [Dennett, 1978] [Dennett, 1987] [Dennett, 1995] [Dennett, 1996] [Dennett, 1998] [Dennett, 2004] [Durant, 1926] [French et al., 1979] [Seager, 1999] [Tye, 1995].
questions
Is consciousness real? How can matter with positions, momenta, times, and energy cause or be sense qualities? [Churchland, 2002] [Dennett, 1991] [Farber and Churchland, 1995] [Searle, 1992] [Searle, 1997].
mental state
Mind states represent ideas and cause linguistic responses. Mental states can be conscious or unconscious and are about similarity or relation, which determines linguistic responses, which are conscious. Language reports mental states using signs. Because mental states vary widely, natural occurrences have incompatible linguistic explanations [Kripke, 1980].
non-intentional
Non-intentional intrinsic physical or non-physical features available to consciousness can cause phenomena.
non-physical
Perhaps, people can know all physical facts about other people but not know or feel their experiences, so experiences have non-physical properties. Experiences provide knowledge that people cannot obtain in other ways. Mind can be substance: soul, immortal, indivisible, conscious, or self-conscious.
self-construction
Minds can be mental constructions.
study
Behaviorism, Gestalt psychology (Wertheimer, Koffka, and Kohler), and other psychologies can study mind.
types
Minds can be organism adaptive behaviors.
Minds can be capacities to cause things, not containers.
Minds can be like algorithms and computer programs.
Minds can have sense qualities, perceptions, imaginings, feelings, and thoughts, which are not elementary, primary brain properties. Mental processes can be complex information-processing activities [Carlson, 1999] [Lycan, 1989] [Lycan, 1990] [Lycan, 1996] [Marcus, 2004] [Nagel, 1974] [Nagel, 1986] [Pickering and Skinner, 1990] [Seager, 1999].
Minds can be experience associations, idea and impression collections, or sense-quality sets.
three parts
Perhaps, mental structure has psyche, reason, and intellectual intuition. Mind has cognition, emotion or affect, and motivation or conation.
unity
Mind can be an organic or personal unity, with matter and thoughts: Form, organizer, life principle, self, thinking agent, or subject and self experience unity.
control system
Minds are control systems, from top down and from bottom up, so behavior does not emerge, but brain regulates it. Mind is both program and data, states and processes, contents and procedures, and controlling and controlled.
empiricism and mind
Conscious sense qualities can be of physical objects.
ESP and mind
Experiments in ESP, such as telepathy, clairvoyance, and psychokinesis, have flaws. Experimenter suggestions caused positive results [Rhine, 1934] [Rhine, 1947] [Stein, 1996].
humanism and mind
Only human minds have intentionality {humanism, mind}. Minds gain knowledge only through education and socialization. Minds tolerate other mind's ideas, because ideas relate to education and socialization. Human minds create and project God.
software and mind
Minds are like equations and algorithms, and brains are like computer electronic workings. Minds are like messages, and brains are like ink. Perhaps, brains are like computers, and minds are like programs.
Social Sciences>Philosophy>Mind
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Date Modified: 2022.0224