Perhaps, mental properties and events are not explicable by physical properties and events {anomalous monism}. Mental states are token-identical to physical states.
Perhaps, only mind exists, and matter does not exist {cognitivism}.
Perhaps, internal brain agents {little man} {homunculus} explain psychological properties {homunculus fallacy} [Attneave, 1961] [Rosenblith, 1961].
Perhaps, consciousness is only about sense qualities and concepts {immanentism} and gives no physical-object knowledge.
Perhaps, only mind exists, and matter does not exist {mentalism}.
Naturalistic terms cannot explain consciousness {non-naturalism}.
Perhaps, all physical things have mental or subjective parts, aspects, or properties, typically in different degrees, or are consciousness parts {panpsychism}. It is not clear how such combinations/interactions make high-level consciousness or stay unified. However, all things then have relations between physical and mental inside them. Perhaps, electrons, quarks, and virtual particles have consciousness [Nagel, 1988].
Perhaps, physical objects are "permanent possibilities of sensation" {phenomenalism}. Mental phenomena statements are equivalent to empirical statements or mathematical laws. However, mental-phenomena statements depend on physical environment and perceiver state.
Perhaps, mind has conscious processes and states, which people can study {phenomenology} without necessarily considering body or world [Heidegger, 1996] [Husserl, 1905] [Husserl, 1907] [Husserl, 1913] [Merleau-Ponty, 1945] [Richardson and Velmans, 1997] [Stevens, 1997] [Stevens, 2000]. People can train themselves to try to suspend all judgments and hypotheses while they attend to subjective experiences.
phenomena
Mind cannot know things in themselves but can experience appearances or representations, as sense qualities or thoughts {phenomena, phenomenology}. Phenomena are perspectives on objects. Perspectives hint at object essences. All conscious perspectives, working together, are indirectly object essence.
consciousness
If essences are conscious acts, objects exist. In particular, consciousness becomes itself from all perspectives on all objects. Subject and object of consciousness become the same, because no object is without consciousness, and no subject is without objects and relations. Consciousness is a circular, self-referencing concept: it is a phenomenon and makes phenomena.
Perhaps, only mind exists, and matter does not exist {psychical monism}.
Perhaps, only mind exists, and matter does not exist {spiritualism, mind theory}.
Perhaps, accessing perceptions renders them conscious, people have this ability, and consciousness is real but is not object and is not in space {transcendentalism, mind theory}. Consciousness is an act or process that makes phenomena [Rowlands, 2001].
6-Philosophy-Mind-Theories-Monism
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Date Modified: 2022.0225