Perhaps, minds and brains are separate substances or properties {dualism}.
property
Perhaps, physical objects have non-physical or mental properties, like essence or sense qualities. Perhaps, objects and events have this property in different amounts, levels, or qualities. Perhaps, minds or brains are primary and other secondary. Perhaps, brains are special organs for mind or soul knowledge. Perhaps, brains have reached complex forms that can generate mental states. Perhaps, mind influences brain [Descartes, 1641] [Eccles, 1965] [Eccles, 1977] [Eccles, 1986] [Eccles, 1989] [Eccles, 1994] [Libet, 1993] [Popper and Eccles, 1977].
problems
Dualism has no method to show how mental and physiological substances affect each other deterministically, which all observations require. Dualism does not state why substances have two different property types, or only two property types.
Social Sciences>Philosophy>Mind>Theories>Dualism
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Date Modified: 2022.0224