Perhaps, mind and brain are two separate substances, or properties expressed at different levels, which can affect each other, directly or indirectly {interactionism}.
effects
Effects can be one-way or two-way.
levels
Levels have different laws. Organization levels have cause types, which act at that level and control lower-level component motions.
interaction
Components influence whole, or whole influences components. Mind can move brain matter and cause and control neural and chemical events by high-level patterns and processes but not interact with matter at lower levels, just as organisms controls atoms by overall movements, not direct interactions.
problems
Interactionism is untrue, because it has no method for deterministically describing mental functions in terms of physiological functions, or physical functions in terms of mental functions, because only physical things can affect physical things.
Perhaps, neural objects and events and psychophysical objects and events do not have same structures and functions but are necessary and sufficient to each other {logical equivalence, mind theory}.
Perhaps, mind and brain are separate and do not interact but synchronize and work in parallel, because they closely coordinate {parallelism, mind theory}. Laws of God or nature keep them parallel. However, what keeps them parallel can be a third substance.
Perhaps, mind and brain interact through some third object, substance, or function {pluralism, mind theory}, such as God.
6-Philosophy-Mind-Theories-Dualism
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Date Modified: 2022.0225