When1: 1800
When2: 1809
Who: Friedrich von Schelling [Schelling, Friedrich von]
What: philosopher
Where: Germany
works\ System of Transcendental Idealism [1800]; Exposition of My System of Philosophy [1801]; Bruno [1802]; Philosophy of Art [1805]; Of Human Freedom [1809]
Detail: He lived 1775 to 1854, was Romantic, and worked with Fichte.
Aesthetics
Aesthetic reason or artistic genius unites conscious and unconscious.
Art works are the highest phenomenon of reason, because they realize the world of reason.
Epistemology
Dialectic is a tool of metaphysics and reason. Formal logic is for perceptions only.
Ethics
Life parallels God's self-development, an idea from Baader and St. Martin. Directed toward itself, will makes Ideas, then reason, and then world, which is consciousness of conflict between purpose and impulse. Later, self-knowledge brings consciousness of reason.
Metaphysics
Universe is a perfect organism and artwork. Organisms can share body plans {bauplan, Schelling}. Reality has archetypes, which become more perfect {Naturphilosophie}.
God created ideal mental world and real matter world by creating finite irrational things {leap}, which must return to God over history. Realizing such Ideas is falling away from God, which is selfish and evil. Falling away has no cause or reason, so Ideas are free. Ideas strive to return to God. Reality is will, going from irrational to rational.
The Absolute must have falling away in it at all times and so must have irrationality in its essence. God has primordial ground of being and striving or unconscious will. God develops from primitive essence, to self-knowledge, and then to absolute reason. God participates in history, and history of revelations and religions shows God's development.
Nature and mind cannot be separate, because they unify in the absolute or God. Nature is self in the process of becoming self. Nature is an organism whose purpose is to produce sensitive beings that have consciousness, sensation, and reason and so make higher selves. Higher reality builds over history by synthesizing opposing forces into higher unity.
Mind
Absolute and unknowable reason unites self and nature.
Social Sciences>Philosophy>History>Mind
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Date Modified: 2022.0224