When1: 1890
When2: 1916
Who: Pierre Duhem [Duhem, Pierre]
What: philosopher
Where: Paris, France
works\ Evolution of Mechanics [1903]; Aim and Structure of Physical Theory [1905]; To Save the Phenomena: An Essay on the Idea of Physical Theory from Plato to Galileo [1908]
Detail: He lived 1861 to 1916. Phenomena are effects from mathematical-theory complexes, not from single theories. Data sets can have theories that vary greatly in assumptions {underdetermination} {Duhem-Quine thesis}.
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Date Modified: 2022.0224