When1: -399
When2: -300
Who: Cynic
What: philosophic school
Where: Athens, Greece
Detail: Antisthenes founded it. School had followers of Socrates and included Diogenes of Sinope, Menippus, Crates, Hipparchia, Teles, Bion, Menedemus, and Onesicistus. It discussed living and morals, not logic or metaphysics. It led to Stoic School.
Epistemology
Only identities can be true, because only they can be directly perceived.
Ethics
Virtue, knowledge of good, and excellence are the only good. Virtue by itself makes one happy. People can be free from desires and content with life if they conduct life intelligently. Being free of wants and desires makes people depend least on outside influences and random events. People should satisfy only two desires, hunger and love. Individual morals and ways of life are best. Civilization and its products create more desires and control people arbitrarily through laws and morals, so civilization is not good. Education teaches the low value of civilization and its conveniences.
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Date Modified: 2022.0224