When1: -80
When2: -43
Who: Cicero or Marcus Tullius Cicero [Cicero, Marcus Tullius] or Tully
What: lawyer/orator
Where: Rome, Italy
works\ On oratory [-55]; On the republic [-54 to -52]; On laws [-52]; For Milone [-52]; On ends [-45]; On the nature of the gods [-45]; On divination [-45]; On duties [-44]; Philippics [-44 to -43]; Letters to Relations [-67 to -43]; On His Consulship [-80 to -43]; On His Life and Times [-80 to -43]
Detail: He lived -106 to -43 and defended Sextus Roscius against the state [-80]. He defended people of Sicily against the governor [-51]. He was praetor [-66] and consul [-63]. He first emphasized intention, as well as actual act. He first distinguished between damages and penalties.
Natural law is universal, because it depends on reason, which is inherent in all people equally. Actual laws depend on history and natural law.
Epistemology
Ideas can be innate in reason, which people need only remember.
Psychology
People have right to take part in conversations. Conversation with monarchs should be mainly information, flattery, or respectful silence. People should use witticisms only in conversations with equals.
Social Sciences>Philosophy>History>Ethics
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Date Modified: 2022.0224