When1: -490
When2: -460
Who: Parmenides of Elea
What: philosopher
Where: Elea, Italy/Velia, Italy
works\ On Nature [-490 to -460: poem]
Detail: He lived -515 to -450, was Eleatic, and wrote first reasoning from premises to conclusions.
Epistemology
Thinking exists and uses objects that exist. Truths can only be about things that exist. Truths name states. False statements name nothing and have no meaning. People can use same word at all times. Therefore, object must always exist, so nothing changes. Thought content is unchanging substance, because all thoughts are about something, and people can think about all beings. Non-Being cannot be thought about or exist. Plurality and empty space are only appearance, not truth.
Metaphysics
Existence is eternal, unified, unchanging, perfect, real, material, homogeneous, and finite. Existence fills space. Space is not empty but is substance. Objects have substance, which persists or exists, and in which qualities and predicates inhere. Change is an illusion.
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Date Modified: 2022.0224