Statements are true or not {truth, epistemology}. Only propositions, not terms, can have truth. Statements can be factual, consistent, complete, and coherent.
subjects
Truth can be about mental representations, such as beliefs, sentences, and statements, or about propositions, about which statements are instances.
statements
True propositions are analytic or synthetic statements. Analytic propositions are true in themselves. Synthetic propositions are real-world or imaginary-world facts.
statements: meaning
Statement truth depends on statement meaning, not statement words.
statements: time
Statements implicitly include time, and statement truth depends on time.
logic
True knowledge does not lead to false lemmas.
language
Truth is relation between language expression and physical and social world. The physical and social world is independent of speakers. However, language expression depends on speaker concepts and understanding. Word sense and reference change over time, position, and context. Therefore, necessary truths and a priori truths cannot exist.
Predicates can be true at one time and not true later, though things in predicates have no real changes, because something else changed {Cambridge change}. Cambridge change is necessary for real change.
Statements can be consistent with all other facts {consistency}.
Statements can correspond with all facts {completeness}.
Statements can relate all facts logically {coherency} with no facts left out.
People can know some truths {a posteriori truth}| only after perceiving them.
Before perceiving, knowing, or experiencing, people can know some logic and mathematics truths {a priori truth}|. A priori statements are independent of experience, are necessary, are universal, or are about general laws that seem self-evident but are not provable.
test
A priori knowledge is untestable. Can people know anything by reasoning alone? Is any statement true in all cases? Perhaps, untrue assumptions underlie a priori statements.
reasoning
Reasoning can proceed from first principles or from self-analysis and introspection. First principles can use false assumptions and/or invalid tautologies. Personal biases can cause self-analysis and introspection to lead to statements true for only one person.
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Description of Outline of Knowledge Database
Date Modified: 2022.0225