Two inductions can lead to the same cause, or two testimonies or experiments can state the same fact {consilience}|.
Statements and opposites can combine into higher-level statements {dialectic}|.
Explanations {explanation} describe how parts work, how parts interact, and how interactions combine to give system output from input. Explanations describe units that interact and interaction rules. Rules include goals and representations. Explanations involve reasons and methods to recognize or evaluate reasons. Explanations must leave something out.
use
Knowing how to use something is not the same as knowing how it works.
expression
Understanding requires actually saying or writing explanations.
types
Explanations include function from structure, means to ends, conclusion from premises, effect from causes, and body from support.
Interpreting {interpretation, word} {word interpretation} can assign semantic values to all statement words.
How mind acquires knowledge, and how people judge knowledge {judgment, epistemology}, are two different processes. Beliefs are concepts about whether perceptions are real.
If people know p, people know that they know p {KK-thesis}.
Causal explanations require general concepts {meta-account} about units and laws.
In rules, equivalent-thing substitution should preserve truth {salva veritate}. However, some situations do not substitute this way.
Statements can refer to themselves {self-reference, statement}. Self-reference causes some paradoxes.
6-Philosophy-Epistemology-Thinking-Statement
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Date Modified: 2022.0225