Basic justified facts, beliefs, or mental abilities exist {foundationalism}, from which to deduce other beliefs. However, knowledge relies on concepts, and sense qualities rely on sensory experiences.
Mental states, even qualia, are always representations {intentionalism}.
Other people do not necessarily experience the same things as a person does {methodological solipsism}. Many methods and rules rely on this assumption. Only personal introspection and experimentation can give knowledge.
People inherit perception capacities or abilities {nativism, idealism}, rather than learning them.
Mind has innate fundamental concepts {rationalism, epistemology}|, which allow a priori knowledge and further knowledge.
Knowledge is only personal {subjectivism} {idealism}. For example, colors are visual mental states or properties. Brain opponent processes cause qualitative color similarities, with no correspondence to physical properties. Neural properties that explain qualitative relations among perceived colors can differ from perceived colors themselves. People do not necessarily experience such similarities, or they are not essential, so they differ from color itself. How do brains perceive mental qualitative visual properties as mind-independent object properties? Do mental qualitative properties or states have functions?
Sense data, secondary qualities, primary qualities, space-time universals, and natural laws can be part of absolute self and so be universal and objective, but may be only illusions.
Fundamental categories used to understand reality are not real objective features but are mental conceptual structures {Kantian idealism, epistemology} {transcendental idealism}| and make experience possible.
Perception involves intentions {transcendental phenomenology}.
6-Philosophy-Epistemology-Theory
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Date Modified: 2022.0225