6-Philosophy-Epistemology-Perception

fact-perception

People can know facts about perceptions {fact-perception, epistemology}.

thing-perception

People can perceive without knowing {thing-perception, epistemology}.

argument from illusion

People cannot distinguish hallucination and perception {argument from illusion, epistemology}, except later by comparison and memory.

phenomena

Brains can know symbolic representations {phenomenon} {phenomena, epistemology} of physical or non-physical things. Phenomena include conscious and non-conscious mental states. Phenomena are perspectives on objects and events. Perspectives indicate object or event essence.

types

Phenomena are sights, sounds, smells, tastes, touches, feelings, and limb positions. They are daydreams, talks with self, recollections, and ideas. They are pains, tickles, hunger, thirst, anger, joy, hatred, embarrassment, lust, astonishment, pride, anxiety, regret, ironic detachment, rue, awe, and calm.

consciousness

Consciousness is experiencing phenomena and qualia, not objects themselves. Consciousness has no intentions or beliefs but just is or has phenomena. All humans appear to have same awareness and consciousness and go through same consciousness-development stages. Perhaps, animals have some consciousness, because they can analyze images to do things that people can do.

sense-data

Sense information {sense-data} {sense-datum, epistemology} can be about physical objects. Brain processes sense-data to make ideas and categories. Brain can forget sense-data. Perhaps, inner, non-physical, unified images are available to consciousness. Sense-data do not necessarily represent reality.

sense-datum fallacy

Knowledge of appearances requires consciousness of appearance {sense-datum fallacy}.

veil of perception

Senses only know appearances {veil of perception}, not reality.

6-Philosophy-Epistemology-Perception-Paradigms

paradigm

People unconsciously use assumptions, theories, and concepts {paradigm, perception}| {indexical term} about subjects or objects. Indexical terms can refer to other objects, depending on context, so context sets indexes. Properties can exist without paradigms, so paradigms cannot define properties. To specify paradigms requires specifying a property that makes the paradigm, because paradigms have more than one property, but this is circular reasoning.

contingent attachment

Secondary qualities do not necessarily associate with objects {contingent attachment}.

ostension

Paradigms can refer to something, sometimes by pointing {ostension}.

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Date Modified: 2022.0225