Subjects can know {knowledge}.
types
Knowledge can be skills, acquaintances, and propositions. Machines, animals, and people can know skills. Animals and people can know acquaintances. People can know propositions.
types: knowing
Knowledge can mean knowing all parts and relations. It can mean ability to express in words. It can mean ability to express in syllogisms or other logical forms and to know reason relations.
topics
Knowledge can be mental states that relate to external objects and events. Knowledge can self-relate and so be true in itself. Knowledge can be about abstract Forms, Ideas, essences, unchanging things, truth, true beliefs, or reasonable beliefs.
requirements
Knowledge can require truth, justification, and/or belief. Perhaps, subjects cannot know false propositions, because they do not exist. Subjects can justify or not justify beliefs. Subjects can believe or not believe propositions. To have knowledge, instead of just beliefs, requires concepts.
sources
Knowledge and belief sources are sense qualities, memories, reasoning, and introspections.
feeling
People know if they have knowledge, even if they do not remember facts. People know if they know meaning, even if they cannot make synonyms or define words. People know if they have seen or heard something before, even if they do not remember it. People know if they have found correct answer and feel that something is not right if they have close answers. People feel that they know something, even if they do not know relations or connections. People know contexts of things learned or experienced.
factors: subjectivity
Emotion, body, subjectivity, and personal experience can determine human knowledge.
factors: cultural background
All knowledge has social and cultural backgrounds. Knowledge depends on reference frames.
perception
People can perceive without knowing {thing-perception, knowledge} or can know perception facts {fact-perception, knowledge}. Percept can know sense qualities {proximal stimulus} and transform them to percepts {distal stimulus}. Experience correlates with physical quantities [BonJour, 1985].
perception: illusion
People cannot base knowledge on perception, because senses have illusions. All observers agree on illusory perceptions, but all are wrong.
memory
To verify facts about past, current experience must relate to past. Understanding the past requires evidence. Evidence about past times decrease over time.
Social Sciences>Philosophy>Epistemology>Knowledge
6-Philosophy-Epistemology-Knowledge
Outline of Knowledge Database Home Page
Description of Outline of Knowledge Database
Date Modified: 2022.0224