Sentence forms {syntax}| {syntagmatic} relate linguistic units. Syntax relations reflect relations in world and mind. Languages use syntax forms: linear/regular or unrestricted, contracting or non-contracting, and context-sensitive or context-free. All utterances have syntax.
roles
Sentences have nested or embedded phrases. Phrases have roles or sentence slots {phrase structure} {argument structure}. Roles include subject, verb, object, agent, theme, goal, source, instrument, beneficiary, time, and place. Syntax uses lexical categories, such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, prepositions, and adverbs. Syntax uses phrasal categories, such as noun phrases, verb phrases, prepositional phrases, and sentences.
phonology
Syntactic structure substitutes words for lexical concepts to make phonological structure.
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Date Modified: 2022.0224