Because words, phrases, and sentences nest, grammar rules can use terms about themselves {recursion, grammar} {recursive function}|. In quantitative grammars, recursive functions {composition, grammar} can combine current function value f and second function value g to make new current function value f: f = f + g. Recursive functions {primitive recursion} can add one to current function value: f = f + 1. Recursive functions {minimalization} {multiple recursion} can modify current function value so it approaches a limit, typically using mu operator. Because quantitative grammars involve only integers, quantitative grammars can be algorithms.
Similar events or operations can repeat {iteration}|. For verbs, Hungarian and Finnish languages, but not English, have an iterative marker to convey sense of repetition, which acts semantically like a plural marker.
In speech, ends of nested or interrupting phrases {nested phrase}| typically have no marks.
Grammars can have no loops {standard form}.
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Date Modified: 2022.0225