More urbanized, diverse, and disorganized areas have more crime {crime factors}.
Society contains people {criminal} that persist in crimes.
criminal behavior
Criminals perceive themselves as law-breakers. Criminal behaviors have likely situations, people, and harm levels. Criminal-behavior study assist law enforcement to punish criminal behavior selectively, use limited resources optimally, and maintain good relations with the public. Police target worst crimes, high profile crimes, and specific people.
People's behavior can violate written laws {criminality}. Criminals need opportunity, motive or desire, and victim.
Perhaps, crime is like disease. Criminals need quarantine and treatment, under medical supervision, until they have no disease, with no fixed jail terms. Psychological and biological methods can continue for criminal's lifetime. As with diseases, criminals must stay in particular environments. Criminals must have checkups regularly.
Perhaps, people can eliminate indirect and direct crime causes. Victims have no possibility of revenge or imitation.
Crimes can follow plans {premeditation}|.
Society contains criminal groups {organized crime}|, such as organized crime.
Society contains youth groups {gang}, sometimes criminal, characterized by high loyalty and conflict with other youth groups.
Minors, especially from age 10 to 18, can perpetrate crimes {juvenile delinquency}| {delinquency}.
Divorced people can fail to pay child or spousal support {nonsupport}|.
Gangs can fight {rumble}.
People can ask someone to commit crime {solicitation}|.
Businesses can charge illegally high interest rates {usury}|.
People can start problems leading to frivolous lawsuits, fail to perform duties on ships and so harm owners, or sell or buy church jobs {barratry}|.
People can ignore laws or society rules {disorderly conduct}|.
Students {truant} can be absent without permission {truancy}|.
Drunkards and socially outcast people can have disorderly behavior {vagrancy}|.
treason, sedition, failure to prevent or report felonies, or public-office misuse {misprision}|.
revolt {insurgency}|.
inciting rebellion {sedition}|.
sexual relations with another while married {adultery}|.
presenting woman for prostitution {procurement}|.
sexual assault {rape}|.
raping person under legal age {statutory rape}|.
breaking into buildings to steal {burglary}|.
People can use public position to get money {graft, crime}|.
entering homes to steal {housebreaking}|.
capturing vessels at sea {prize, ship}|.
stealing {robbery}|.
stolen-goods dealer {fence}.
property theft {larceny}|.
high-value property theft {grand larceny}|, not petit larceny.
low-value property theft {petty larceny}| {petit larceny}.
bribe or stolen goods {boodle}.
smuggled goods {contraband}|.
loot {swag}.
Violent crimes {violent crime} are homicide, rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, larceny, auto theft, and arson.
Crimes {capital crime}| punishable by death are murder, rape, treason, and genocide.
Assaults can be provoked attacks {aggravated assault}|.
People can set fires deliberately {arson}|.
planned murder {first-degree murder}|.
murder with malice, intent, and planning {second-degree murder}|.
murder with little intent or malice {third-degree murder}|.
murder without malice or intent {manslaughter}|.
People can kill people based on race or origin {genocide}|.
murder {homicide}|.
murder of mother {matricide}|.
murder of parent {parricide}|.
murder of father {patricide}|.
murder of ruler {regicide}|.
People of higher social status can commit crimes {white-collar crime}|. Engage in tax fraud. Advertise falsely. Give short measurements. Grade falsely. Use business funds for personal purposes. Falsify financial statements. Engage in corruption. Perform prostitution. Blackmail. Gamble. Sell narcotics. Swindle. Pick pockets.
People can give money illegally to get something done {bribery}|.
People can take money from businesses and change accounting records {embezzlement}|.
People can blackmail people with death threats {extortion}|.
People can make false documents {forgery}|.
Serious crimes {felony}| are against people or property.
Crimes {misdemeanor}| can break minor public laws.
Punishments {punishment, law} for crimes can result in more criminal behavior, reform criminals, deter further crimes, rehabilitate people, or incapacitate people. A small percentage of offenders can rehabilitate or reform. Society cannot predict who will successfully rehabilitate.
States have traditionally executed people {capital punishment}| who committed capital crimes.
purposes
Capital punishment can be to carry out justice {retribution}, deter crimes {deterrence}, stop further crimes {prevention, crime}, assuage victims, and make people feel safer. Criminals must anticipate death and so suffer.
negatives
Poor witnesses, biased juries, enthusiastic prosecutors, and circumstantial evidence can kill innocent people. Killing societies seem barbaric. Racism, poverty, nutrition, and injustice are possible factors. Responsibility and free will are questions.
suicide
Capital-punishment policies can affect killer suicide rates.
Society can confine people to regulated settings {prison} after arrests and/or convictions.
After release from prison, society can require convicted people to report regularly to officers about whereabouts and activities {parole, law}|.
Government leaders can free prisoners and/or forgive crimes {amnesty}|.
Prison-sentence reductions {clemency}| can free prisoners.
In criminal cases, government leaders can reduce punishment {commutation, law}|.
Outline of Knowledge Database Home Page
Description of Outline of Knowledge Database
Date Modified: 2022.0225