Countries {country} have languages and cultures.
{Africa countries} Africa has north, south, east, west, and equatorial countries.
{Abyssinia} Ancient country is in northeast Africa, southeast of Sudan. New name is Ethiopia.
{Djibouti} Country is in east-central Africa, on Gulf of Aden. Capital is Djibouti.
{Eritrea} Country is in northeast Africa, on Red Sea. Capital is Asmara.
{Ethiopia} Country is in east Africa, southeast of Sudan, and makes coffee, chat narcotic, banana-like ensete, and oily noog. Capital is Addis Ababa.
{Kenya} Country is in east Africa, south of Ethiopia, on Indian Ocean. Capital is Nairobi. It has Lake Victoria. It has Lake Turkana. It has Mt. Kenya. It has Mt. Kilimanjaro.
{Somalia} Country is in east Africa, east of Ethiopia. Capital is Mogadishu.
{Tanganyika} Country is in east Africa. New name is Tanzania. It has Lake Tanganyika. It has Lake Victoria. It has Mt. Kilimanjaro.
{Tanzania} Country is in east Africa, south of Kenya. Old name was Tanganyika. Capital is Dodoma. Port is Dar Es Saalam.
{Belgian Congo} Colony was in central Africa, north of Angola. New name is Republic of Congo.
{Burundi} Country is in east central Africa, between Congo and Tanzania. Capital is Bujumbura.
{Cameroon} Country is in west Africa, southeast of Nigeria. Capital is Yaounde.
{Central African Republic} Country is in central Africa, north of Congo. Capital is Bangui.
{Congo Republic} Country is in west-central Africa, south of Gabon. Capital is Brazzaville. It has Congo River.
{Democratic Republic of Congo} Country is in west-central Africa, east of Congo. Capital is Kinshasa. It has Congo River.
{Equatorial Guinea} Country is in west central Africa, between Cameroon and Gabon. Capital is Malabo.
{Gabon} Country is in west central Africa, north of Congo. Capital is Libreville.
{Rwanda} Country is in east-central Africa, between Uganda and Burundi. Capital is Kigali.
{Sao Tome and Principe} Country is islands west of Gabon. Capital is Sao Tome.
{Uganda} Country is in east Africa, west of Kenya. Capital is Kampala. It has Lake Victoria.
{Algeria} Country is in northwest Africa, south of Spain, and has oil. Capital is Algiers. Main cities are Constantine and Oran. It has Atlas Mountains.
{Chad} Country is in north central Africa, south of Libya. Capital is N'Djamena. It has Lake Chad.
{Cush or Kush} Ancient country was in south Egypt, on Nile River. It is also Kush.
{Egypt} Country is in northeast Africa, on Mediterranean and Red Sea. Capital is Cairo. It has Lake Nasser.
{Libya} Country is in north Africa, west of Egypt, and has oil. Capital is Tripoli.
{Mali} Country is in northwest Africa, south of Algeria and east of Mauritania. Capital is Bamako.
{Mauritania} Ancient and modern country is in northwest Africa, west of Mali. Capital is Nouakchott.
{Morocco} Country is in northwest Africa, south of Spain. Capital is Rabat. Main cities are Marrakech, Casablanca, and Fes. It has Atlas Mountains. It has Mt. Jobel Toubkai.
{Niger} Ancient and modern country is in north central Africa, north of Nigeria. Capital is Niamey.
{Nubia} Ancient kingdom was in south Egypt and north Sudan. It is Upper Egypt.
{Numidia} Ancient country was in north Algeria.
{Spanish Sahara} Colony was in northwest Africa. New name is Western Sahara.
{Sudan} Country is in northeast Africa, south of Egypt. Capital is Khartoum.
{Tunisia} Country is in north Africa, between Algeria and Libya. Capital is Tunis.
{Western Sahara} Country is in northwest Africa, south of Morocco, and is Morocco territory. It is associated with Morocco.
{Angola} Country is in southwest Africa, south of Congo. Capital is Luanda.
{Basutoland} Previous country was in South Africa.
{Bechuanaland} Previous country was in South Africa.
{Botswana} Country is in south Africa, north of South Africa. Capital is Gaborone.
{Comoros} Country is islands east of Malawi. Capital is Moroni.
{Lesotho} Country is inside South Africa. Capital is Maseru.
{Madagascar} Large island is east of Mozambique. New name is Malagasy. Capital is Antananarivo.
{Malagasy} Large island is east of Mozambique. Old name was Madagascar.
{Malawi} Country is in northwest Mozambique. Capital is Lilongwe. It has Lake Malawi or Lake Nyasa.
{Mauritius} Country is islands east of Madagascar. Capital is Port Louis.
{Mozambique} Country is in southeast Africa, between Tanzania and South Africa. Capital is Maputo. It has Zambesi River.
{Namibia} Country is in southwest Africa, between Angola and South Africa. Old name was Southwest Africa. Capital is Windhoek.
{Northern Rhodesia} Colony was in east Africa.
{Nyasaland} Previous country was in South Africa.
{Rhodesia} Country is in south-central Africa, north of South Africa and west of Mozambique, and has copper, coal, manganese, iron, and uranium. New name is Zimbabwe.
{Seychelles} Country is islands far east of Tanzania. Capital is Victoria.
{South Africa} Country is in southernmost Africa and has industry and diamonds. Capital is Pretoria. Main cities are Johannesburg in northeast, Cape Town at Cape of Good Hope, and Durban on east coast. Orange River is in west.
{Southern Rhodesia} Colony was in east Africa.
{Southwest Africa} Country is in southwest Africa. New name is Namibia.
{Swaziland} Country is in South Africa. Capital is Mbabane.
{Transvaal} Country was in South Africa. Newer name was Boer Republic.
{Zambia} Country is in south Africa, south of Congo, and has copper, coal, manganese, iron, and uranium. Capital is Lusaka.
{Zimbabwe} Country is in south Africa, north of South Africa and west of Mozambique. Capital is Harare.
{Abidjan, country} Country is in Ivory Coast.
{Benin, country} Ancient and modern country is in west central Africa, between Togo and Nigeria. Capital is Porto-Novo.
{Burkino-Faso} Country is in west-central Africa, north of Ghana. Capital is Ougadougou.
{Cape Verde Islands} Island country is west of Senegal. Capital is Praia.
{Dahomey} Previous country was in west Africa.
{French Somali} Colony was in west Africa.
{Gambia} Country is in west Africa, in Senegal. Capital is Banjui.
{Ghana} Country is in west Africa, east of Ivory Coast. It was also an ancient country in west Mali. Capital is Accra.
{Guinea, country} Country is in west Africa, south of Senegal. Capital is Conakry.
{Guinea-Bissau} Country is in west Africa, between Guinea and Senegal. Capital is Bissau.
{Ivory Coast} Country is in west Africa, west of Ghana (Gold Coast) and east of Liberia. Capital is Yamous.
{Liberia} Country is in west Africa, west of Ivory Coast. Capital is Monrovia.
{Nigeria} Country is in west Africa, between Cameroon and Benin, and has oil. Capital is Abuja.
{Rio Muni} Previous country is in Africa.
{Senegal} Country is in west Africa, between Mauritania and Guinea. Capital is Dakar.
{Sierra Leone} Country is in west Africa, between Liberia and Guinea. Capital is Freetown.
{Togo} Country is in west Africa, between Ghana and Benin. Capital is Lome.
{Upper Volta} Previous country was in west Africa.
{Zaire} Previous country was in west-central Africa and has copper, coal, manganese, iron, and uranium.
{Americas countries} Americas countries are in Caribbean, Central America, North America, and South America.
{Caribbean countries} Caribbean countries are in Greater and Lesser Antilles.
{Cuba} Island country is south of Florida in Greater Antilles. Capital is Havana. Another city is Santiago de Cuba.
{Dominican Republic} Country is on Hispaniola Island east side, in Greater Antilles in West Indies. Capital is Santo Domingo.
{Haiti} Country is on Hispaniola Island west side, in Greater Antilles in West Indies. Capital is Port au France.
{Jamaica} Island country is in Greater Antilles in west West Indies, south of Cuba. Capital is Kingston.
{Puerto Rico} Island is in Greater Antilles in east West Indies, east of Dominican Republic. Capital is San Juan.
{Virgin Islands} Country is in Greater Antilles in east West Indies, east of Puerto Rico.
{Antigua and Barbuda} Island is in Lesser Antilles in east West Indies, east of Virgin Islands.
{Barbados} Island is in Lesser Antilles in southeast West Indies, southeast of Santa Lucia.
{Dominica} Country is in Lesser Antilles in Caribbean Sea, north of Santa Lucia. It has Martinique and Guadelupe Islands.
{Santa Lucia} Country is in Lesser Antilles in southeast West Indies, north of Grenada.
{St. Kitts and Nevis} Country is in Lesser Antilles in southeast West Indies, south of Antigua.
{St. Vincent and the Grenadines} Country is in Lesser Antilles in southeast West Indies, south of Santa Lucia.
{Trinidad and Tobago} Islands are in Lesser Antilles in southeast West Indies, northeast of Venezuela.
{Belize} Country is in northeast Central America, north of Honduras, on Caribbean. Old name is British Honduras. Capital is Belmopan.
{British Honduras} Country is in east Central America, north of Honduras, on Caribbean. New name is Belize.
{Costa Rica} Country is in south Central America, north of Panama. Capital is San Jose.
{El Salvador} Country is in northwest Central America, west of Honduras, on Pacific. Capital is San Salvador.
{Guatemala} Country is in northwest Central America, south of Mexico. Capital is Guatemala City.
{Honduras} Country is in east central Central America, north of Nicaragua, on Caribbean. Capital is Tegucigalpa.
{Nicaragua} Country is in central Central America, north of Costa Rica. Capital is Managua. It has Lake Nicaragua.
{Panama} Country is in south Central America, south of Costa Rica. Capital is Panama City.
{Bahamas} Country and islands are southeast of Florida. Capital is Nassau.
{Canada} Country is in north North America, north of USA. Capital is Ottawa. Main cities are Quebec in Quebec province, Montreal, Toronto, Winnepeg in Manitoba province, Edmonton in Alberta province, and Vancouver in British Columbia province. It has Mt. Logan in northwest. It has Great Bear Lake and Great Slave Lake, in north. It has Southern Indian Lake, Reindeer Lake, and Lake Winnipeg in center. North has Banks, Victoria, Parry, Queen Elizabeth, and Baffin Islands. Mackenzie River is in northwest. St. Lawrence River is in southeast.
{Mexico} Country is in south North America, south of USA. Capital is Mexico City. Main cities are Tijuana on northwest coast, Mexicali in northwest, Ciudad Juarez in north, Monterrey in north central, Culiacan in west northwest coast, Guadalajara in west, Tampico in east coast, Acapulco in southwest coast, Merida in north Yucatan Peninsula, and Cancun in northeast Yucatan Peninsula. Orizaba Peak is in center.
{United States of America} Country is in central North America.
cities
Capital is Washington, District of Columbia. Main cities in east are New York in New York, Miami in Florida, Atlanta in Georgia, Philadelphia in Pennsylvania, and Boston in Massachusetts. Main cities in middle are Chicago in Illinois, Austin in Texas, Dallas in Texas, Houston in Texas, San Antonio in Texas, El Paso in west Texas, Kansas City in Kansas, St Louis in Missouri, New Orleans in Louisiana, Montogomery in Alabama, Memphis in Tennessee, Indianapolis in Indiana, Minneapolis in Minnesota, St. Paul in Minnesota, Milwaukee in Wisconsin, Detroit in Michigan, Cleveland in Ohio, and Pittsburgh in Pennsylvania. Main cities in west are Los Angeles in California, San Francisco in California, San Diego in California, Seattle in Washington, Portland in Oregon, Salt Lake City in Utah, Phoenix in Arizona, Tucson in Arizona, and Denver in Colorado.
rivers
It has American, Russian, Columbia, Colorado, Mississippi, Missouri, Arkansas, Ohio, Hudson, Potomac, and Delaware Rivers.
{Argentina} Country is in southeast South America, east of Chile. Capital is Buenos Aires. Main cities are Salta in northwest, Sante Fe in east, Cordoba in center, Rosario in east, Mendoza in west, La Plata on east coast, Mar del Plata on southeast coast, and Bahia Blanca in southeast.
{Bolivia} Country is in west-central South America, northeast of Chile and southeast of Peru. Capital is La Paz in north and Sucre in south. It has Nevada Illampu.
{Brazil} Country is in southeast South America.
cities
Capital is Brasilia. Main cities are Manaus in north center on Amazon River, Belem on northeast coast, Sao Luis on northeast coast, Teresina in northeast, Fortaleza on northeast coast, Natal on east coast, Joao Pessoa on east coast, Recife on east coast, Porto Velho in west center, Macelo on east coast, Aracaju on east coast, Salvador on east coast, Curitiba in southwest, Goiania in southwest, Vitoria on southeast coast, Belo Horizonte in southeast, Rio de Janeiro on southeast coast, Sao Paulo in southeast, Cuiaba on southeast coast, Florianopolis on southeast coast, and Porto Alegre on south coast.
{Chile} Country is in southwest South America, west of Argentina. Capital is Santiago in center. Main cities are Anca on north coast, Iquique on northwest coast, Antofagasta on northwest coast, Valparaiso on central coast, Aconcagua in center, Puerto Monti in south, Punta Arena south of Patagonia, and Ushuaia in Tierra del Fuego. It has Easter Island far off west coast, Sala y Gomez Island far off west coast, Juan Fernandez Islands off west coast, Chiloe Islands off west southwest coast, Los Chonos Archipelago in southwest, and Santa Inés Island at Cape Horn, and Tierra del Fuego at Cape Horn. It has Mt. Aconcagua in center.
{Colombia} Country is in northwest South America, southwest of Venezuela and north of Peru and Ecuador. Capital is Bogota. Main cities are Cartagena in north, Cali in west, and Medellin in north center. It has Cristobal Coton Peak in north.
{Dutch Guiana} Colony was on South-America northeast coast. New name is Guyana.
{Ecuador} Country is in west South America, northwest of Peru and southwest of Colombia. Capital is Quito. Another city is Guayaquil on coast. It has Galapagos Islands. It has Mt. Chimborazo in center.
{French Guyana} Country is in northeast South America, east of Surinam.
{Guyana} Country is in north South America, west of Surinam. Capital is Georgetown.
{Paraguay} Country is in central South America, northeast of Argentina. Capital is Asuncion.
{Peru} Country is in west South America, north of Chile and Bolivia and south of Ecuador and Colombia. Capital is Lima. Main cities are Trujillo on northwest coast, Iquitos in north, Cusco in southeast, and Arequipa in south. It has Lake Titicaca in south. It has Nevada Huascaran in center.
{Surinam} Country is in north South America, east of Guyana. Capital is Paramaribo.
{Uruguay} Country is in southeast South America, east of Argentina and south of Brazil. Capital is Montevideo.
{Venezuela} Country is in north South America, east of Colombia and west of Guyana. Capital is Caracas. Main cities are Maracaibo on northwest coast and Merida in west.
{Russia, Asia} Country is in north Asia and east Europe. Capital is Moscow. It has Siberia. It has Lake Baikal. It has Lena River. It has Verkhoyansk Range. It ha Kamchatkya Peninsula.
{Australia, country} Island country is southeast of Asia. Capital is Canberra. Main cities are Sydney in southeast, Melbourne in south, Darwin in northeast, Adelaide, Perth in west, and Brisbane in east. Northwest has Great Sandy Desert. South central has Great Victoria Desert. East has Great Dividing Range. East has Great Barrier Reef. Tasmania Island is south, with Hobart city. It has Lake Eyre in center and Lake Gardner in south center. It has Mt. Kosciuszko in south.
{New Zealand} Island country is southeast of Australia, across Tasman Sea. Capital is Wellington. Another city is Auckland. It has North Island and South Island. South Island has Mt. Cook.
{Afghanistan} Country is in west-central Asia, northwest of Pakistan. Capital is Kabul.
{Bactria} Ancient country was in north Afghanistan.
{Bangladesh} Country is in south-central Asia, east of India. Capital is Dacca.
{Bhutan} Country is in central Asia, east of Nepal, in Himalayas. Capital is Thimphu.
{Ceylon} Island is in south-central Asia, southeast of India. New name is Sri Lanka. Capital is Colombo.
{Hadhramaut} Previous country was in Asia.
{India} Country is in south-central Asia.
regions
North India is arid. Southern highlands have forests.
states
India has 21 states. Punjab is in upper Indus River. Muktan is in middle Indus River. Sind is at lower Indus River. Kashmir, Ladakh, Kafiristan, Kumaon, and Kangara are in northwest mountains. Saurashtra, Gujarat, Baluchistan, Rajputana, and Delhi are in band from Arabian Sea to northwest mountains. Hindustan, Bihar, Sikkim, and Bhutan are south of Nepal. Assam and Bengal are in east. Malwa and Jharkand are in middle. Behar and Gondwana are south. Mahrattas, Deccan and Golconda are south. Mysore is south. Malabar is at west tip. Coromandel is at east tip. Laccadive Islands are west of Malabar. Maldive Islands are to south. Nicobar Islands and Andaman Islands are to southeast.
cities
Capital is New Delhi in north center. Main cities are Bombay or Mumbai in west, Bangalore in south, Madras or Chennai on southeast coast, Hyderabad in south center, and Calcutta or Kolkat on northeast coast.
{Kazakhstan} Country is in south-central Asia, north of Uzbekistan. Capital is Astana. It has Mt. Alma-Ata. It has Irtysh River. It has Lake Balkhash.
{Kyrgyzstan} Country is in south-central Asia, east of Uzbekistan. Capital is Bishkek. It has Mt. Pik Pobedy.
{Nepal} Country is in south-central Asia, northeast of India. Capital is Kathmandu.
{Pakistan} Country is in south Asia, northwest of India. Capital is Islamabad. Main cities are Karachi on coast, Hyderabad in south, Faisalabad in center, and Lahore in east center. It has Indus River.
{Scythia} Ancient country was in southwest Asia, north northeast of Black Sea and east of Aral Sea.
{Tajikistan} Country is in south-central Asia, north of Afghanistan. Capital is Dushanbe. It has Mt. Kongur Shan.
{Turkmenistan} Country is in south-central Asia, northeast of Iran. Capital is Ashgabat.
{Uzbekistan} Country is in south-central Asia, north of Turkmenistan. Capital is Tashkent. It has Aral Sea.
{China} Country is in east Asia. Old name was Cathay. It is also People's Republic of China.
regions
North China is arid. Many rivers run from Tibet to Gulf of Tonkin and South China Sea and south Bay of Bengal. Karakorum is to west, east of Kunlun Mountains, where Khotan town is. Turkestan is north of Kunlun Mountains, with Tunhwang town. Gobi Desert is north of Great Wall of China and northeast of Turkestan, south of Mongolia. Manchuria is in northeast China, across Sea of Japan from Japan and north of Korea.
provinces
Major provinces are Honan, Kwantung, Kwangsi, Sinkiang, Hopei, Shantung, Szechwan, Tibet, and Inner Mongolia.
cities
Capital is Beijing. Main cities are Shenya in Manchuria, Dalian on Manchuria coast, Tientsin southeast of Beijing, Zibo southeast of Beijing on Yellow River, Jinan southeast of Beijing on Yellow River, Taiyuan south of Beijing, Xi'an in center, Wuhan on central Yangtze River, Nanjing on east Yangtze River, Shanghai at Yangtze River mouth, Shenzen just north of Hong Kong, and Canton north of Hong Kong.
rivers
It has Yellow River, Yangtze River, and north Mekong River.
{Japan} Four main islands are in east Asia, east of Korea: Honshu in center, Kyushu in south, Shikoku south of Honshu, and Hokkaido in north. Capital is Tokyo. Main cities are Kyoto in south Honshu, Hiroshima in southwest Honshu, and Osaka in south Honshu. It has Mt. Fuji in center.
{Korea} Country is peninsula in northeast Asia, between Yellow Sea and Sea of Japan.
{Mongolia} Country is in east Asia, between China and Russia. Capital is Ulan Bator. It has Gobi Desert.
{North Korea} Country is in northeast Asia. Capital is Pyongyang.
{Outer Mongolia} Country is in northeast Asia, between Russia and China.
{Republic of China} Island country is in east Asia, southeast of China. It is also Taiwan. Capital is Taipei.
{South Korea} Country is in northeast Asia. Capital is Seoul.
{Tibet} Former country is in south-central Asia, north of Himalayas and south of Kunlun Mountains, on Plateau of Tibet.
{Aden, country} Previous country was on Arabia south coast.
{Akkad} Former empire was in north Babylonia. It is also Agade.
{Armenia} Country is east of Black Sea, east of Turkey. Capital is Yerevan.
{Ashur} Ancient empire was in northwest Iraq, on Tigris River. Another name was Assyria.
{Assyria} Ancient empire was in northwest Iraq, on Tigris River. Another name was Ashur.
{Azerbaijan} Country is east of Black Sea, northwest of Iran and northeast of Turkey. Capital is Baku.
{Babylonia} Ancient country was in Iraq, in valley between lower Euphrates and Tigris Rivers.
{Bahrain} Island sheikdom is in southeast Middle East, between Qatar and Saudi Arabia. Capital is Manama.
{Bithynia} Ancient country was in northwest Asia Minor.
{Cyprus} Island is in east Mediterranean, south of Turkey. Capital is Nicosia.
{Ebla} Ancient country was in Syria, south of Aleppo.
{Galatia} Ancient country was in central Asia Minor.
{Georgia, country} Country is east of Black Sea, northeast of Turkey. Capital is Tbilisi. It has Mt. Elbrus in north.
{Iran} Country is in east Middle East, southwest of Caspian Sea and east of Iraq. Old name was Persia. Capital is Tehran. Main cities are Abadan on southwest coast, Isfahan in west, Shiraz in south center, Gom in north center, Tabriz in northwest, and Mashad in northeast. It has Mt. Damavand in north center.
{Iraq} Country is in east Middle East, on Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, west of Iran and east of Syria. Capital is Baghdad.
{Israel} Country is in west Middle East, on Mediterranean Sea, south of Lebanon. Capital is Tel Aviv. Main cities are Jerusalem and Haifa.
{Jordan} Country is in central Middle East and northwest Arabia, northwest of Saudi Arabia. Capital is Amman.
{Judaea} {Judea} Former kingdom is in south Palestine.
{Judah} Ancient kingdom was in south Palestine.
{Kuwait} Country is in east Middle East, northeast of Saudi Arabia and south of Iraq. Capital is Kuwait.
{Lebanon} Country is in west Middle East, on Mediterranean Sea, southwest of Syria. Capital is Beirut.
{Lydia} Ancient country was in west Asia Minor.
{Media} Ancient country was in northwest Iran.
{Oman} Country is in southeast Arabia, north of Yemen. Capital is Muscat.
{Ottoman Empire} Former sultanate included Turkey, Syria, Iraq, Palestine, Egypt, Barbary States, Balkan States, and some Russia and Hungary.
{Palestine} Country and ancient region is between Mediterranean Sea and Jordan River.
{Palestinian Territories} Territory and ancient region is between Mediterranean Sea and Jordan River, south of Israel.
{Parthia} Ancient country was in northeast Iran.
{Pergamon} Ancient Greek kingdom was in central Asia Minor. Pergamon is also Pergamum and is now Bergama, Turkey.
{Persia} Former kingdom was in east Middle East. New name is Iran.
{Philistia} Ancient country was in southwest Palestine.
{Phoenicia} Ancient country was in Syria and Lebanon.
{Phrygia} Ancient country was in west-central Asia Minor.
{Pontus} Ancient country was in northeast Asia Minor.
{Qatar} Country is in southeast Middle East, between Bahrain and United Arab Emirates. Capital is Doha.
{Saudi Arabia} Country is in southwest Middle East, south of Iraq and north of Yemen. Capital is Riyadh. Main cities are Medina and Mecca.
{Sheba} Former country was in southwest Arabian Peninsula.
{Sumer} Former empire was in south Iraq. It was Babylonia southern division.
{Syria} Country is in west Middle East, south of Turkey. Capital is Damascus.
{Trucial Coast} Former country is in southeast Middle East.
{Turkey} Country is in northwest Middle East, north of Syria and south of Black Sea. Capital is Ankara. Main cities are Istanbul in northwest and Izmir on west coast.
{United Arab Emirates} Country is in southeast Arabia, on Persian Gulf, south of Qatar and north of Oman. Capital is Abu Dhabi.
{Yemen} Country is in southwest Arabia, on Red Sea, south of Saudi Arabia. Capital is Sanaa.
{Brunei} Country is in south Asia, on north Borneo Island. Old name is Sarawak. Capital is Bandar Seri Begawan.
{Burma} Country is in southeast Asia, east of Bangladesh, on Bay of Bengal. Andaman Islands are to west and Nicobar Islands are to south. Capital is Naypwidaw (Rangoon). Another name is Myanmar.
{Cambodia} Country is in southeast Asia, southeast of Thailand, on Gulf of Siam. Capital is Phnom Penh.
{East Timor} Country is in south Asia, on Timor Island, east of Indonesia. Capital is Dili.
{Indonesia} Country is in southeast Asia and contains Java, Sumatra, Bali, Sumba, Flores, south Borneo, Celebes, Buru, Seram, west New Guinea, Moluccas, and other islands in Malay Archipelago. Capital is Jakarta. Sumatra has Medan in north and Palembang in south. Java has Jakarta in west and Surabaya in east. Celebes has Ujungpandang. New Guinea has Mt. Puncak Jaya.
{Laos} Country is in southeast Asia, northeast of Thailand. Capital is Vientiane.
{Malaysia} Country is in southeast Asia, south of Thailand, and contains Malaya, North Borneo, and Sarawak. Capital is Kuala Lumpur.
{Philippines} Islands are in southeast Asia, east of Vietnam. Capital is Manila. Main cities are Cebu in center and Quezon City on north Luzon Island. It has Mindanao Island in south and Palawan Island in southwest.
{Sarawak, country} Country is in south Asia, on north Borneo Island. New name is Brunei.
{Siam} Country is in southeast Asia. New name is Thailand.
{Singapore, country} Country is in southeast Asia, south of Malaysia. Capital is Singapore.
{Thailand} Country is in southeast Asia, southeast of Burma. Old name was Siam. Capital is Bangkok.
{Vietnam} Country is in southeast Asia, east of Laos and Cambodia.
cities
Capital is Hanoi in north. Main cities are Ho Chi Minh City or Saigon in south, Haiphong on central coast, and Danang on central coast.
peoples
People settled there -500000 to -300000. Main ethnic group is Viet or Kinh, who live in lowlands. Others are Tay, Nung, Thai, Muong, H'mong, Zao, Hoa, Khmer, Bana, Giarai, and Ede.
religion
Buddhism came to Vietnam [-200].
weather
Rainy season is from May to October.
rivers
Red River flows past Hanoi. Mekong River flows south of Saigon.
alphabet
Nom [until 1900] came from Han Chinese characters [1000 to 1300]. Quoc Hgu [after 1900] came from Roman alphabet [1600 to 1700].
{Europe countries} Europe country is in central, north, couth, east, or west.
{Austria} Country is in central Europe, southeast of Germany. Capital is Vienna. Another city is Salzburg.
{Austria-Hungary} Former country was in central Europe and contained Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia and some Serbia, Poland, Italy, and Romania, from 1867 to 1918.
{Bohemia} Former country was in west Czech Republic.
{Czech Republic} Country is in central Europe, east of Germany and north of Austria. Capital is Prague.
{Czechoslovakia} Former country was in central Europe.
{Hungary} Country is in central Europe, east of Austria. Capital is Budapest.
{Moravia} Former country was in central Czech Republic, east of Bavaria.
{Poland} Country is in east Europe, northeast of Germany. Capital is Warsaw.
{Slovakia} Country is in central Europe, east of Czech Republic. Capital is Bratislava.
{Slovenia} Country is in central Europe, south of Austria. Capital is Ljubljana.
{Belarus} Country is in east Europe, between Poland and Russia. Old names were Byelorussia and White Russia. Capital is Minsk.
{Bulgaria} Country is in southeast Europe, south of Romania and northwest of Turkey. Capital is Sofia.
{Byelorussia} Country is in east Europe. New name is Belarus.
{Estonia} Country is in north Europe, on Baltic Sea, north of Latvia. Capital is Tallinn.
{Latvia} Country is in north-central Europe, on Baltic Sea, south of Estonia and north of Lithuania. Capital is Riga.
{Lithuania} Country is in north-central Europe, south of Latvia. Capital is Vilnius.
{Moldavia} Former country was in Romania.
{Moldova} Country is northeast of Romania. Capital is Kishinev or Chisinau.
{Muscovy} Former principality was in west-central Russia, around Moscow.
{Romania} Country is in southeast Europe, on Black Sea, north of Bulgaria. Capital is Bucharest.
{Russia, Europe} Country is in east Europe and north Asia.
cities
Capital is Moscow in center. Main cities west of Ural Mountains are St. Petersburg in northwest, Archangel in northwest on Barents Sea, Yaroslavi in northwest, Tula in west, Ryazan in west, Saralov in west, Nishniy Novgorod in center, Penza in east, Saratov in southeast, Voronezh in southeast, Rostov-na-Donu in south, Volobgrad in southeast, Samara in east, Ula in east, Kazan in east, Astrakhan in southeast, Perm in northeast, and Orenburg in east.
East of Ural Mountains are Chelyabinsk northwest of Kazakhstan, Yekaterinburg northwest of Kazakhstan, Omsk north of Kazakhstan, Tomsk north of Kazakhstan, Novosibirsk north of Kazakhstan, Barnaul north of Kazakhstan, Krasnoyarsk northeast of Kazakhstan, Irkutsk west of Lake Baikal, Khabarovsk in north Manchuria, Vladivostok on Sea of Japan, and Shenyang in south Manchuria.
{Transylvania} Former country was in west Romania.
{Trebizond} Former Greek empire is north, east, and south of Black Sea.
{Ukraine} Country is in southeast Europe, southwest of Russia and northeast of Romania, on Black Sea. Capital is Kiev.
{Walachia} Former country is in Romania.
{White Russia} Country is in east Europe. New name is Belarus.
{Denmark} Country is in north Europe, north of Germany. Capital is Copenhagen.
{Finland} Country is in north Europe, east of Sweden. Old name was Suomi. Capital is Helsinki.
{Gotland} Former country was in north Europe.
{Norway} Country is in north Europe, west of Sweden. Capital is Oslo.
{Suomi} Former country was in north Europe. New name is Finland.
{Sweden} Country is in north Europe, between Norway and Finland. Capital is Stockholm.
{Albania} Country is in southeast Europe, between Serbia and Greece. Capital is Tirana.
{Andalusia} Former country is in south Spain.
{Aragon} Former country was in northeast Spain.
{Bosnia and Hercegovina} Country is in southeast Europe, between Croatia and Serbia. Capital is Sarajevo.
{Byzantium} Former country is in northeast Greece and west Turkey, east of Thrace, between Black Sea and Sea of Marmara.
{Castile} Former country was in central and south Spain.
{Croatia} Country is in south Europe, on Balkan Peninsula, south of Slovenia. Capital is Zagreb.
{Etruria} Ancient country was in central Italy.
{Greece} Country is in south Europe, west of Turkey. Capital is Athens.
{Illyria} Ancient country was in west Balkan Peninsula.
{Italy} Country is in south Europe, east of France. Capital is Rome. Main cities are Genoa in west, Milan in north, Florence in northwest, Naples in south, and Venice in east. It has Sicily, which has Mt. Etna. It has Corsica in northwest and Sardinia in west center.
{Laconia} Ancient country was in south Greece.
{Leon} Former country is in Spain.
{Lombardy} Former country is in north Italy.
{Macedon} Ancient kingdom was in north Greece, southeast Serbia, and southwest Bulgaria, north of Thessaly. New name is Macedonia.
{Macedonia} Country is in north Greece, southeast Serbia, and southwest Bulgaria, north of Thessaly. Old name was Macedon. Capital is Skopje.
{Monaco} Country is in south Europe, on France south coast. Capital is Monte Carlo.
{Navarre} Former kingdom was in north Spain and southwest France.
{Papal States} Former Roman Catholic Church dominions were in central Italy.
{Portugal} Country is in southwest Europe, west of Spain. Capital is Lisbon. Another city is Porto.
{San Marino} Country is in east Italy.
{Serbia} Country is in southeast Europe, north of Albania. Capital is Belgrade.
{Serbia and Montenegro} Country is in south Europe, north of Albania. Capital is Belgrade.
{Spain} Country is in southwest Europe, south of France. Capital is Madrid. Main cities are Barcelona and Seville. It has Balearic Islands in east.
{Vatican City} Country is papal holdings in Rome, Italy.
{Yugoslavia} Former country was in south Europe, on Adriatic Sea.
{Andorra} Country is between France and Spain.
{Aquitaine} Former country was in west France and contains Tours.
{Batavia} France ruled Netherlands from 1795 to 1806.
{Bavaria} Former country was in southeast Germany, north of Friuli.
{Belgium} Country is in west Europe, between France and Netherlands. Capital is Brussels.
{Brandenburg} Former country was in north Germany.
{Britain} Country is in northwest Europe. Capital is London.
{Burgundy, country} Former country and province was in east France.
{Caledonia} Former country was in north Britain. New name is Scotland.
{Eire} Island west of England is in west Europe. New name is Ireland.
{England} Country is in northwest Europe, in south Britain. Capital is London.
{Essex} Former kingdom was in southeast England.
{Flanders} Former country was in west Belgium and north France.
{France} Country is in west Europe, north of Spain. Capital is Paris. Main cities are Bordeaux in southwest, Marseille in south, and Lyon in center. It has Mt. Blanc.
{Gaul, country} Ancient country included France and Belgium.
{Germany} Country is in central Europe, north of Switzerland. It is also Deutschland. Capital is Berlin.
{Great Britain} Island is in northwest Europe and contains England, Scotland, and Wales.
{Hohenzollern} Former country was in southwest Germany.
{Holland} Country is in northwest Europe. Another name is Netherlands.
{Iceland} Island is in far-west Europe, in north-central North Atlantic Ocean. Capital is Reykjavik.
{Ireland} Island country is west of England. Old name was Eire. Capital is Dublin.
{Liechtenstein} Country is in west Europe, between Austria and Switzerland.
{Low Countries} Low Countries are Belgium, Luxembourg, and Netherlands.
{Luxembourg, country} Country is in west Europe, between Belgium and Germany.
{Netherlands} Country is in northwest Europe, north of Belgium and northwest of Germany. Another name is Holland. Capital is Amsterdam. Main cities are Rotterdam and Delft.
{Normandy} Former country was in northwest France.
{Northern Ireland} Country is in west Europe, northwest of Ireland. Capital is Belfast. Another city is Londonderry.
{Prussia} Former kingdom was in north Germany, on Baltic Sea.
{Savoy} Former country was in southeast France.
{Saxony} Former country was in northwest Germany, north of Austrasia, and contained Magdeburg.
{Scotland} Country is in northwest Europe and north Britain. Old name was Caledonia. Capital is Edinburgh.
{Switzerland} Country is in west-central Europe, north of Italy and south of Germany. Capital is Berne. Main cities are Geneva and Lausanne.
{United Kingdom} Country is in west Europe and contains England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. Capital is London. Main cities are Manchester, Liverpool, and Newcastle.
{Weimar Republic} Germany was republic from 1919 to 1933.
{Westphalia} Former country is in west Germany and borders Netherlands.
{American Samoa} Islands are in southwest-central Pacific Ocean, east of Samoa.
{Fiji} Islands are in southwest Pacific Ocean, east of Vanatu. Capital is Suva.
{French Polynesia} Islands are in South Pacific Ocean and include Marquesas, Society, and Austral Islands, east of Cook Islands of New Zealand.
{Kiribati} Country is in South Pacific Ocean, north of Samoa and Cook Islands. Capital is Tarawa.
{Marshall Islands, country} Country is in South Pacific Ocean, east of Micronesia. Capital is Majuro.
{Micronesia} Island country is in South Pacific Ocean, north of Papua New Guinea, east of Philippines, and north of Melanesia. Capital is Palikir.
{Nauru} Country is in South Pacific Ocean, north of Solomon Islands. Capital is Yaren.
{New Caledonia, country} France islands are in South Pacific Ocean, east of Australia.
{Northern Marianas} USA islands are in South Pacific Ocean, north of Micronesia, and include Guam.
{Palau} Country is in South Pacific Ocean, northwest of Papua New Guinea. Capital is Koror.
{Papua New Guinea} Islands are in southwest Pacific Ocean, west of Solomon Islands and south of Micronesia. Capital is Port Moresby.
{Samoa, country} Islands are in southwest central Pacific Ocean, north of Tonga and south of Kiribati. Capital is Apia.
{Solomon Islands, country} Country is in South Pacific Ocean, east of Papua New Guinea. Capital is Honiara.
{Tahiti, country} Island is in South Pacific Ocean.
{Tuvalu} Country is in South Pacific Ocean, east of Solomon Islands. Capital is Funafuti.
{Vanuatu} Country is in South Pacific Ocean, south of Solomon Islands. Capital is Port Vila.
{Western Samoa} Island is in South Pacific Ocean. New name is Samoa.
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Description of Outline of Knowledge Database
Date Modified: 2022.0225