gauge theory

Quantum mechanics can combine with special relativity {gauge theory}.

boson

Forces have force fields and exchange bosons. Bosons are quanta. Field quanta are bosons. Gauge transformations are boson exchanges. Boson exchange carries energy and momentum quanta between fermions. Field is for relativity, and quanta are for quantum mechanics.

Higgs particles are bosons that generate masses for particles. Hadrons are bosons in multiplets for charge and isotopic spin.

groups

Conservation laws determine symmetries and gauge transformations, which form mathematical groups. Quantum electrodynamics is lepton gauge theory and uses symmetry group U(1). Quantum chromodynamics is hadron gauge theory and uses symmetry group SU(3). Electroweak theory [1973] is gauge theory for weak interactions and electromagnetism and uses symmetry group SU(2) x U(1).

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Physical Sciences>Physics>Quantum Mechanics>Theory>Quantum Relativity>Theories>Gauge

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Date Modified: 2022.0224