Spin networks can evolve in time {spin foam}|. Time is in multiples of Planck time. Spin-foam lines are nodes plus one quantized time dimension, and represent space-time states. Spin-foam surfaces are edges plus one quantized time dimension, and represent space-time state transitions. Spin-foam nodes are where spin-foam lines intersect and represent quanta. Spin foams are extensions of quantum mechanics and can represent electronic transitions and particle interactions. However, spin foams cannot represent quantum-foam intersections, links, or knots.
Physical Sciences>Physics>Quantum Loop Theory
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Date Modified: 2022.0224