At Planck scale, space-time is quantum foam and has nodes, loops {quantum loop}, kinks, knots, intersections, and links, depending on spins. A loop theory {quantum loop theory}| {loop quantum gravity} can represent quantum-foam loops and their kinks (but not intersections, links, and knots).
Quantum-loop lengths are multiples of Planck length. Quantum-loop areas are multiples of Planck area. Quantum-loop volumes are multiples of Planck volume.
Because spins can transfer, quantum loops can interact. Force fields have interacting quantum loops.
Quantum loops define space dimensions (background independent). Perhaps, space is intertwined quantum loops.
Interacting quantum loops can make fractals. Perhaps, space-time has fractal structure at Planck lengths. Fractals can remove the infinities that appear in relativity and quantum mechanics.
Quantum loop theory derives from general relativity and adds quantum mechanics. Quantum loop theory uses ideas of supergravity, twistor theory, string theory, and non-commutative geometries.
At quantum distances, quantum loops have repulsion.
photons
Loop quantum gravity predicts that high-energy photons, such as gamma rays, have faster speeds than low-energy photons, such as infrared rays. A test of this hypothesis is to measure if the microwave background radiation scatters photons. If photons all have same light speed, they scatter, but if some have faster speed, they do not scatter.
Physical Sciences>Physics>Quantum Loop Theory
Outline of Knowledge Database Home Page
Description of Outline of Knowledge Database
Date Modified: 2022.0224