Particles have paired particles {antiparticle} {antimatter}| with same properties but with positive energy and positive pressure. Negative-energy states fill space and are undetectable because they are uniform. Photons can interact with negative-energy particles, to make missing negative-energy states, which are like positive-energy antiparticles. Because negative-energy state is missing, antiparticles are like particles going backward through time.
properties
Antiparticles have same mass, spin, and angular momentum as particles. Antiparticles have opposite charge and opposite of every other property.
energy
If particle and antiparticle meet, they create energy 100 times more than energy in same mass in nuclear reactions.
sources
Cosmic rays hitting high atmosphere can make antiparticles. Particle accelerators can make proton {antiproton}, neutron {antineutron}, and electron {positron, antiparticle} antiparticles.
mass
Antimatter has to have positive mass, not negative mass. All fields have positive mass. If they have negative mass, vacuum polarization around nuclei makes negative mass and shields nuclei from gravity. There can be no gravity. Antimatter is negative-energy absence and so is positive energy.
universe
By symmetry, universe has equal matter and antimatter, but instruments do not observe antimatter. Perhaps, if space has short, circular, higher dimensions, antimatter hides in them.
Physical Sciences>Physics>Matter>Particle
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Date Modified: 2022.0224