A thin layer of electrons is between two semiconductors. Near 0 K in high magnetic field [1982], pairs {quasiparticle, pair} of excited superposition of electron states have fractional charges {fractional quantum Hall effect}, with edge effects {edge state}. Fractional quantum Hall effect can extend to four dimensions, as on five-dimensional-sphere surfaces, which have three-dimensional edge states that emerge with relativity. Excitations can carry magnetic-flux units.
Physical Sciences>Physics>Electromagnetism>Conductivity>Semiconductor
5-Physics-Electromagnetism-Conductivity-Semiconductor
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Date Modified: 2022.0224