Above core D shell is layer {mantle, Earth}|. Mantle is 1800 miles thick and contains 80% of Earth volume.
temperature
Mantle temperature at 500,000 meters deep is 2300 K. Mantle temperature at 100,000 meters deep is 1500 K. Temperature increases with depth, 1 C every 30 meters. Lower mantle, below 700,000 meters deep, has convection currents caused by heat.
density
Below 650,000 meters deep, density is 5.5 g/cm^3. Between 400,000 to 650,000 meters deep, density is 4.5 g/cm^3. Above 400,000 meters deep, density is 3.5 g/cm^3. In upper mantle, which is 50 miles thick, density is 2.6 g/cm^3.
rock types
Lower mantle has dunite, which is mostly olivine, with some peridotite. Olivine has magnesium, silicon, and oxygen. Upper mantle has serpentine, at 50 miles to 100 miles above olivine, where 0.1% water and some carbon dioxide change olivine and pyroxene into serpentine and hydrogen {serpentinization}.
Physical Sciences>Earth Science>Planet>Layers>Mantle
5-Earth Science-Planet-Layers-Mantle
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Date Modified: 2022.0224