Hydrocarbons {aromatic compound}| {aryl compound} can have planar ring of six carbons, five carbons and one nitrogen or oxygen, or four carbons and one nitrogen or oxygen.
properties
Aromatics are colorless, have gasoline-like smell, are not polar, and are not acidic or basic. Rings are not oxidizable or reducible and are unreactive.
resonance
Ring has resonating single and double bonds, which delocalize electrons into two rings, one above and one below planar ring.
substituents
Hydroxyl, ether, ester, amine, alkyl, halide, and phenyl groups donate electrons to aromatic rings. Nitro, cyanide, carboxyl, aldehyde, ketone, sulfoxide, and hydrogen groups take electrons from aromatic rings, as do ammonium ion and primary amine ion.
ring number
Aromatic compounds can have three aromatic rings {anthracene}, four aromatic rings {tetracene}, five aromatic rings {pentacene}, and so on {polyacene} {acene}.
ring number: phase
Aromatic compounds with one ring are liquids. Aromatic compounds with more than one ring are solids.
examples
Explosive aryls include TNT and picric acid. Aryls include vanillin, toluidine, indole, cholesterol, and menthol.
Aromatic compounds {naphthalene} can have two aromatic rings.
Six-carbon aromatics {benzene} can have no side chains. Benzene can be functional group {phenyl-}. Compound can have methylbenzene functional group {benzyl-}. Benzene rings can have same side chains at opposite carbons {para-, benzene ring}, on adjacent carbons {ortho-, benzene ring}, or separated by one carbon {meta-, benzene ring}.
Benzene rings {anisole} can have methyl ether side chain.
Benzene rings {cresol} can have hydroxyl side chain and adjacent methyl side chain.
Benzene rings {cumene} can have isopropyl side chain.
Benzene rings {aniline} can have amine side chain, as in dyes, indicators, and pigments. Aniline can have positive ion {anilinium}.
Benzene rings {phenol} can have hydroxyl side group, as in dyes, indicators, and detergents {alkylphenol}.
Benzene rings {styrene} can have ethene side chain.
Benzene rings {thymol} can have hydroxyl side group, adjacent isopropyl side chain, and opposite methyl side chain.
Benzene rings {toluene} can have methyl side chain.
Benzene rings {xylene} can have two methyl side chains.
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Date Modified: 2022.0225