Substances can mix with other substances {mixture}|. Mixed-substance chemical potential is less than pure-substance chemical potential, because mixtures have more disorder.
Liquid can be suspension in gas {aerosol}|, like dust and fog.
Liquid can be suspension in liquid {emulsion, mixture}|, like mayonnaise, cheese, and shaken salad dressing.
Liquid can be colloid in another liquid {sol, mixture}|, like india ink.
Gas can be suspension in liquid {foam}|, like whipped cream and foam rubber.
Solid can be colloid in liquid {gel}|, like jelly.
Mixing two substances can make one phase or solution {homogeneous phase}, with no boundaries.
Two substances can mix {heterogeneous phase} but have boundaries between different regions.
Mixtures {colloid}| with particle diameters 1 to 100 nanometers are translucent or opaque, separable by fine membranes, and settle slowly. Solutions can have many small particles, which attract an opposite-charge ion layer, which then attract an ion layer. Layers prevent good precipitation. Hydrophilic colloids are viscous, hard to coagulate, and gel-like. Hydrophobic colloids are sols, make curds, and are easy to coagulate.
Mixtures {suspension}| can have particles with diameter greater than 100 nanometers, be translucent or opaque, be separable by coarse membranes, and settle quickly.
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Date Modified: 2022.0225