Nature has 10,000 different inorganic and 10^11 different organic compounds {molecule}|. People know properties of 10^9 molecules.
color
Metal complexes can have metal ions with d orbitals, which chemically bind other molecules at smaller energy levels than s or p orbitals, lowering energy levels to visible light range, from ultraviolet for s and p orbitals. Iron compounds are red. Cobalt compounds are blue. Nickel compounds are green. Copper compounds are blue or green. Lead compounds are white. Silver compounds are black.
Organic molecules can have conjugated double bonds, which spread electron-orbital energies and lower energy levels to visible-light range, from ultraviolet for single bonds. Organic dyes and indicators have long carbon sequences and have lowest light frequencies, from red to blue.
diameter
Molecules have diameters from 10^-8 centimeters to 10^-5 centimeter. In periodic-table rows, right-most atom is half left-most-atom diameter. Last-row atom diameter is much greater than first-row atom diameter.
electrical property
Atom diameter and proton number determine electrical properties. Diameter changes have more effect than proton-number changes. Noble gases have lowest electron affinity and highest ionization energy, because electron shells are full. Elements in top-right periodic table have highest electron affinity and highest ionization energy, because they have relatively small diameter and relatively large proton number.
Physical Sciences>Chemistry>Inorganic>Chemical>Molecule
5-Chemistry-Inorganic-Chemical-Molecule
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Date Modified: 2022.0224