Water {water, molecule} relates to anhydrous, hydrate, efflorescence, deliquescence, hygroscopic, and desiccant.
phases
Water can exist in 13 crystalline phases and five amorphous phases. Water can be high-density amorphous ice at 10 K to 65 K or low-density amorphous ice at 65 K to 125 K. Amorphous ice is in interstellar space. Space amorphous ice can flow with UV light and allows carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, methanol, and ammonia formation. Cubic ice forms at 135 K to 200 K. Hexagonal ice forms from 200 K to 273 K.
ice surface
Ice has liquid water at surface, several molecules thick, with less structure than solid, because water interacts with air. Ice with impurities has thicker layer. Ice has a liquid surface layer even if it is tens of degrees below freezing. Water-surface-layer charge separation, on ice crystals moving upward and hail falling downward, causes lightning.
Most substances have no adhering water {anhydrous}|.
Solid can absorb water from air and become solution {deliquescence}|.
Chemicals {desiccant}| that can take up water can keep other chemicals dry.
Hydrates can give water to air {efflorescence, water}|.
Substances {hydrate}|, with dissolved ions, can adhere to water.
Compounds can absorb water from air {hygroscopic}|.
Water {hard water}| can have mostly calcium and magnesium ions.
Water {soft water}| can have mostly sodium and potassium ions.
5-Chemistry-Inorganic-Chemical-Molecule
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Date Modified: 2022.0225