The white layer coating aluminum is aluminum oxide or Al2O3 {alumina} [2 and 3 are subscripts], used in ceramics and abrasives.
Transparent brittle materials {glass}| can have different-length bonds and low thermal expansion. Sand is silicon dioxide. To make glass, melted sand receives small amounts of soda and lime at 2700 F. Melted sand is clear solid but is not crystalline. Glass does not melt at one temperature but becomes more fluid over temperature range. People can cut, blow, shape, and mold hot glass. Drawing molten glass through shaped boats floating in melted glass makes glass sheets. The glass cools slightly and then vertical rollers make it have equal thickness.
Compounds {halide} can contain fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine.
Molecules {metal complex} can have metal ions with d orbitals, which chemically bind other molecules at smaller energy levels than s or p orbitals, lowering energy levels to visible-light range from ultraviolet-light range. Iron compounds are red. Cobalt compounds are blue. Nickel compounds are green. Copper compounds are blue or green. Lead compounds are white. Silver compounds are black.
Nitrogen burns at 800 F to make nitrogen oxides {nitrogen compound}. Cyanuric acid oxidizes nitrogen oxides to carbon dioxide, water, and nitrogen gas.
Ions {phosphate ion}, (PO4)-3 [4 is subscript and -3 is superscript], can have phosphorus and oxygen.
bone
Bone is calcium phosphate, Ca3(PO4)2 [3, 4, and 2 are subscripts]. 20% of skeleton is calcium phosphate. Teeth have calcium phosphate.
energy
Phosphate bonds in adenosine monophosphate (AMP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) store energy.
detergent
Detergents can have phosphates, because phosphate softens water. Many places ban phosphate detergents, because they cause lakes and rivers to have too many algae and other plants, which makes less oxygen in water and kills animal life.
5-Chemistry-Inorganic-Chemical-Molecule
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Date Modified: 2022.0225