Proteins {enzyme}| can be catalysts. Enzyme and ribozyme catalysts regulate biochemical reactions. Coenzymes can bind to or assist enzymes.
history
Schwann discovered pepsin [1825], which cuts proteins. Robiquet and Boutron discovered emulsin [1830]. Leuchs discovered ptyalin [1831]. Payen and Persoz discovered amylase [1833], which cuts starches. Corvisart discovered trypsin [1856], which cuts proteins. Kuhne invented the word enzyme [1878]. Bertrand discovered need for coenzymes [1897]. Arthur Harden and William John Young discovered coenzyme for zymase [1906]. Henri studied enzyme kinetics and proposed enzyme-substrate complex [1903]. Barger and Stedman discovered that physostigmine inhibited cholinesterase [1923], which metabolizes choline. Jones and Perkins discovered ribonuclease [1923], which cuts RNA. Enzymes are proteins [1925]. Briggs and Haldane used steady state for enzyme kinetics [1925]. Sumner discovered urease [1926], which metabolizes urea. Stedman discovered acetylcholinesterase [1932], which metabolizes acetylcholine. Aeschlimann discovered that neostigmine inhibited cholinesterase [1931]. Hellerman hypothesized need for thiol groups in enzymes, as did Bersin and Logemann [1933]. Hellerman hypothesized need for metal bridges in enzymes [1937]. Mann and Keilin discovered that sulfanilamide inhibited carbonic anhydrase [1940]. Sanger and Tuppy found insulin amino-acid sequence [1951]. Sutherland discovered cyclic AMP in animal cells [1956]. Koshland hypothesized enzyme conformation changes upon binding [1958]. Kendrew used x-ray crystallography on myoglobin [1958]. Merrifield developed solid-phase peptide synthesis and built insulin and ribonuclease [1963].
types
Chymotrypsin, cytochrome, diastase, flavin, lipase, lysozyme, nuclease, RNA polymerase, thermolysin, and DNA polymerase are enzymes.
transition states
About 100,000,000 transition-state shapes exist for enzymes.
Physical Sciences>Chemistry>Biochemistry>Protein>Kinds>Enzyme
5-Chemistry-Biochemistry-Protein-Kinds-Enzyme
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Date Modified: 2022.0224