Carbohydrates have carbonyl group {carbonyl group}. First carbon can have aldehyde group {aldose}. Second carbon can have ketone group {ketose}. In water, ketone oxygen can substitute for hydroxyl on next-to-last carbon, to make five-carbon ring {furanose}. Furanose is hemiketal. In water, aldehyde oxygen can substitute for hydroxyl on next-to-last carbon to make six-carbon ring {pyranose}. Pyranose is hemiacetal.
anomer
Carbonyl carbon can be axial {alpha-glycosidic bond} or equatorial {beta-glycosidic bond} to sugar ring. Oxygen can be on right {alpha ring} or left {beta ring}. Alpha and beta rings have similar properties.
Physical Sciences>Chemistry>Biochemistry>Carbohydrate>Functional Group
5-Chemistry-Biochemistry-Carbohydrate-Functional Group
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Date Modified: 2022.0224