condensation reaction biochemistry

Reactions {reverse aldol condensation} {condensation reaction, carbohydrate} can lengthen carbon chains by two carbons.

ketol-enol

Proton can transfer from -CO-CH2OH ketol last carbon to next-to-last carbon, to make enol double bond between carbons and alcohol on next-to-last carbon: -COH=CHOH. Enol can add water molecule to make separated charges: -(H2OC+OH)-(C-HOH) [2 is subscript and + and - are superscripts]. Last carbon becomes negative, and next-to-last carbon becomes positive.

aldol

Enol with separated charges can attack aldol, -CHOH-CHO, carbonyl double bond to single-bond carbonyl carbon and carbanion: -CHOH-(C-OH)-CHOH-(H2OC+OH)- [2 is subscript and + and - are superscripts]. Positive charge is still on next-to-last enol carbon, and negative charge is on last aldol carbon.

proton transfer

Water leaves, and proton transfers from positive charge to carbanion and makes atoms neutral: -CHOH-CHOH-CHOH-CHOH-.

Related Topics in Table of Contents

Physical Sciences>Chemistry>Biochemistry>Carbohydrate>Chemical Reaction

Whole Section in One File

5-Chemistry-Biochemistry-Carbohydrate-Chemical Reaction

Drawings

Drawings

Contents and Indexes of Topics, Names, and Works

Outline of Knowledge Database Home Page

Contents

Glossary

Topic Index

Name Index

Works Index

Searching

Search Form

Database Information, Disclaimer, Privacy Statement, and Rights

Description of Outline of Knowledge Database

Notation

Disclaimer

Copyright Not Claimed

Privacy Statement

References and Bibliography

Consciousness Bibliography

Technical Information

Date Modified: 2022.0224