Methods {x-ray fluorescence} can detect all elements with mass greater than atomic number 12, by bombardment with x-rays. It can find trace elements in ore, blood, art, alloys, soils, and cultural artifacts. Secondary x-rays come from lithium chloride, sodium chloride, or ammonium dihydrogen phosphate. X-rays can excite inner electrons. Proportional counter with pulse-rate analyzer counts only pulses of specific energy ranges. Spectrum identifies atom. Voltage, matrix, wavelength, time, and absorption affect non-linear measurement.
Physical Sciences>Chemistry>Analytical Chemistry>Light Intensity
5-Chemistry-Analytical Chemistry-Light Intensity
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Date Modified: 2022.0224