conductivity measurement

Techniques {conductivity measurement} {conductance measurement} can measure total electrolytes in solution.

purposes

Conductivity can detect bath and electrolyte acidity, scrubbing-tank basicity, and water, soil, milk, biological tissue, and ion-exchange-chromatography ions. Conductivity is fast, accurate, and non-destructive.

AC current

AC current prevents decomposition. Low frequency is for high resistance, and high frequency is for low resistance, to keep capacitance low.

ions

Conductivity in solutions depends on solute-ion transport. If ion charge is low, velocity is high, and conductivity is high. Proton goes from water molecule to water molecule directly and so is fast. Big ions have small hydration and small effective size. Ion hydration and ionic interactions affect conductivity.

ions: electrolyte

Strong electrolytes slightly reduce conductivity as concentration increases, because there are more collisions. Weak electrolytes have low molar conductivity, because they do not dissociate. Weak electrolyte causes more variation.

standard

Potassium chloride is standard.

solvent

Solvent-ion collisions affect solute-ion velocity through solvent.

solvent: viscosity

Higher viscosity makes more-random flow and resists conduction.

temperature

High temperature increases conductance.

Whole Section in One File

5-Chemistry-Analytical Chemistry-Electricity

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Technical Information

Date Modified: 2022.0224