Planets {Venus, planet} {morning star} {evening star} can be second nearest to Sun.
properties
Diameter is 12,000,000 meters, slightly smaller than Earth diameter. Mass is 88% Earth mass. Density is slightly less than Earth density. Gravity is 85% Earth gravity.
properties: rotation
Venus rotates every 243 days on axis tilted 3 degrees to ecliptic, with direction opposite to all other planets except Uranus.
properties: temperature
Surface temperature is 474 C, because atmosphere traps heat.
properties: magnetism
Venus has no magnetic field.
properties: orbit
Venus is 107,000,000 meters from Sun. Circular orbit takes 243 days and is in ecliptic.
layers
Crust is like Earth crust. Surface has loose granite rocks and many large shallow craters filled by flows from volcanoes.
atmosphere
Thick, layered atmosphere has carbon dioxide at pressure 90 atmospheres, with no oxygen and only water traces. Slow winds are at surface. Fast higher winds blow in spin direction. Lowest clouds are 35,000 meters high and 400 K. Temperature at cloud tops is -33 C. Clouds are 75% sulfuric acid. Because dust in clouds reflects light, only 1% of sunlight reaches surface.
Venus atmosphere is so thick that it refracts light by 90 degrees, so light scattering causes red appearance. Refraction is so great that whole planet surface is visible from any surface point.
moons
Venus has no moons.
Physical Sciences>Astronomy>Solar System>Planet>Planets
5-Astronomy-Solar System-Planet-Planets
Outline of Knowledge Database Home Page
Description of Outline of Knowledge Database
Date Modified: 2022.0224