In newts and lizards, healed body parts de-differentiate to blastema that can make new tissues {regeneration, biology}|. Animal body-part regeneration has first morphallaxis and then epimorphosis. Dermis and muscle, not bone or epidermis, cells specify positional information. Regeneration happens in quickest way possible.
In lower vertebrates, injured optic-nerve fibers regenerate to same brain target cells. In flatworms, serotonin and dopamine stimulate regeneration by increasing adenylate cyclase activity and altering DNA and RNA synthesis.
In newts and lizards, healed body parts dedifferentiate to form cell clumps {blastema} that can make new tissues.
First, cells make miniature body-part patterns, using chemical signals {morphallaxis}. Whole body, body regions, and localized areas have chemical-signal fields that will determine cell positions. Positioning uses front-back anterior-posterior axis and back-front dorsal-ventral axis.
Second, cells proliferate {epimorphosis}. Farthest {distal} parts grow first, and then nearest {proximal} parts grow.
Outline of Knowledge Database Home Page
Description of Outline of Knowledge Database
Date Modified: 2022.0225