4-Zoology-Organ-Nerve-Systems

autonomic nervous system

Motor nerves {autonomic nervous system}| (ANS) connect to glands and non-striated smooth muscles and are always active. ANS controls heart, lungs, digestive tract, bladder, sweat glands, hair muscles, iris muscles, and arterioles. Such control relates ANS to emotion. Autonomic nervous system has sympathetic autonomic system and parasympathetic autonomic system.

4-Zoology-Organ-Nerve-Systems-Location

enteric nervous system

Intestinal sensory nerves {enteric nervous system} measure distension and toxicity, making people feel full or nauseous [Gershon, 1998].

central nervous system

Brain and spinal cord nerves {central nervous system}| (CNS) connect to peripheral nerves in spine and body. Most CNS motor nerves go to voluntary muscles. Some CNS motor nerves go to glands and smooth muscles and are in autonomic nervous system.

peripheral nervous system

Body nerves {somatic nervous system} {peripheral nervous system}| (PNS) can go to muscles, skin, and mucous membranes, or go to smooth muscles and glands, and are in autonomic nervous system. PNS includes 12 cranial-nerve pairs and 31 spinal-nerve pairs.

4-Zoology-Organ-Nerve-Systems-Function

parasympathetic autonomic system

Central and peripheral nerves {parasympathetic autonomic system}| {parasympathetic nervous system} can stimulate micturition, defecation, alimentation, and sexual function.

sympathetic autonomic system

Central and peripheral nerves {sympathetic autonomic system}| {sympathetic nervous system, function} can inhibit smooth-muscle cells.

functions

They regulate temperature by secreting sweat. They contribute to threat and aggression behaviors. They dilate pupils. They make hair stand on end. They control blood distribution throughout body by dilating or constricting blood vessels. They contribute to male sexual activities.

chemicals

Sympathetic-nervous-system postganglionic aminergic neurons synthesize and release noradrenaline. In sympathetic autonomic ganglia, presynaptic cholinergic fibers excite acetylcholine neurons and LHRH-like-peptide neurons. LHRH-like-peptide diffuses several micrometers to make slow excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP).

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Date Modified: 2022.0225