New stimulus causes attention and turning toward stimulus {orientation reflex} {orienting response}, with increased brain electrical activity, reduced blood flow to extremities, changed skin electrical resistance, increased adrenal steroid hormones, and overt motor activity. Behavior interruption, perception discrepancy, or unexpected stimuli can cause animals to turn toward changes, have more sensitization, and concentrate more. Orienting reflex is automatic and involuntary, not cognitive. It involves acetylcholine neurons. It precedes attention. It processes up to 2000 information bits [Koffka, 1935] [Köhler, 1969] [Palmer, 1999].
ACTH prolongs orientation reflex, and glucocorticoids dull it.
orientation sense
Orienting response precedes slower process {orientation sense} that gathers information about time, place, and person to recognize object. Orientations {shifter circuit, orientation} can be automatic but voluntary and cognitive. Circuits process 50 information bits with each glimpse. Orientation places objects in scenes in short-term memory {pop-out, orientation}, using motion, depth, texture, and color cues.
Biological Sciences>Zoology>Organ>Nerve>Reflex
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Date Modified: 2022.0224