neurotransmitter

Neurons transfer molecules {neurotransmitter}|.

purposes

Neurotransmitters can transfer signals, mediate rapid electrical communication, foster neuron survival and pathway formation, elicit synaptic changes, and trigger biochemical changes that modify subsequent signals.

types

Transmitter types are amino acidergic, catecholamine, cholinergic, monoaminergic, peptides, and purines. Cholinergic includes acetylcholine. Neurotransmitters include aspartic acid, dopamine, epinephrine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamic acid, glycine, histamine, norepinephrine, octopamine, and serotonin.

change

Neurotransmitter used by neuron can change over time. Transmitter changes can last days to weeks, while environmental stimuli last seconds to minutes. Neuron can release transmitter at low stimulation, peptide at high stimulation, and both at intermediate stimulation.

vesicles

Cholinergic, monoaminergic, and amino-acidergic neurons synthesize neurotransmitters mostly in nerve terminals. Synaptic vesicles in unmyelinated axon and cell-body regions release neurotransmitters. Released packets have 1000 molecules. Storage vesicles or granules have only one neurotransmitter type. They release independently.

Peptidergic cells synthesize large proteins in cell body and then split them into active peptides.

Individual neurons all have multiple transmitters.

vesicles: dendrites

Mitral cells, substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons, and olfactory bulb GABAergic axonless granule cells have synaptic vesicles in dendrites.

Whole Section in One File

4-Zoology-Organ-Nerve-Neural Chemical-Transmitter

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Date Modified: 2022.0224